Chance to Excel 1 Flashcards
role of counselor
- essential knowledge of counseling theory, techniques, supervised experiences
- be authentic
- create a climate in which clients can examine their thoughts, feelings, and actions
- to empower clients to arrive at their own solutions to problems they face
goals of therapy
- set by the client
- differ from client to client
- facilitate change
- to improve quality of life
- maintain or improve daily function.
counselor values
- be aware of value imposition
- recognize that you are not value neutral
- influence how we act and view counseling
- manage personal values so they do not contaminate the therapeutic relationship
multicultural considerations
- our experiences may cause bias
- culture and ethnic background need to be taken into account in therapy
- most therapies are based on Western models, therefore may not work for all cultures
self-disclosure
-appropriately sharing reactions
- being ourselves and appropriately sharing, increases the chances of the client being authentic
- can help counselors connect with clients in forming a strong therapeutic relationship
evidence-based practices
the integration of the best available research with clinical expertise in the context of patient characteristics, culture, and preferences
- brief and standardized
criticisms of EBP
- mechanicalistic and does not allow for individual differences in clients
- not well-suited for helping clients with existential problems
- may not be normed for diverse populations
Dual Relationships
- either sexual or non-sexual, occur when counselors assume two (or more) roles simultaneously or sequentially with a client
managing dual relationships
- set healthy boundaries early in the therapeutic relationship
- document discussions
- consult to maintain objectivity
mandatory ethics
a level of ethical functioning at the minimum level of professional practice
aspirational ethics
focuses on doing what is in the best interest of clients
- involves the highest standards of thinking and conduct
positive ethics
approach taken by practitioners who want to do their best for the client rather than simply meet minimum standards to stay out of trouble
informed consent
the right of clients to be informed about their therapy and to make autonomous decisions pertaining to it
- promotes active collaboration of clients
- therapy procedures, supervision, risks/benefits, cost of treatment, limits of confidentiality
confidentiality
legal duty of therapists not to disclose information about the client
privileged communication
legal concept that protects clients from having their confidential communications revealed in court without their permission
ethical decision making
- identify the problem, review relevant codes, seek consultation, brainstorm, list consequences, decide and document the reasons for your actions
Id
pleasure principle
ego
reality principle
superego
moral principle
repression
threatening or painful thoughts and feelings are excluded from awareness
denial
“closing one’s eyes” to the existence of a threatening aspect of reality
reaction formation
actively expressing the opposite impulse when confronted with a threatening impulse
projection
attributing to others one’s own unacceptable desires and impulses
displacement
directing energy toward another object or person when the original object or person is inaccessible
rationalization
manufacturing good reasons to explain away a bruised ego
sublimation
diverting sexual or aggressive energy into other channels
regression
going back to an earlier phase of development when there were fewer demands
introjection
taking in and “swallowing” the values and standards of others
identification
identifying with successful causes, organizations, or people in the hope that you will be perceived as worthwhile
compensation
masking perceived weaknesses or developing certain positive traits to make up for limitations
oral stage
- 1st year
- related to later mistrust and rejection issues
anal stage
- 1-3 years
- related to later personal power issues
phallic stage
- 3-6 years
- related to later sexual attitudes
latent stage
- 6-12 years
- a time of socialization
genital stage
- 12-60 years
- sexual energies are invested in life
trust v. mistrust
- birth - 2 years
- virtue of hope
- looking for basic needs to be met
autonomy v. shame/doubt
- ages 2 to 4
- virtue of will
- exploring and experiencing
initiative v. guilt
- ages 4 to 7
- virtue of purpose
- achieve competence and initiative
industry v. inferiority
- ages 7 to 12
- virtue of competency
- finding things you are good at
identity v. confusion
- ages 12 to 18
- virtue of fidelity
- experiment with and develop identity and roles
intimacy v. isolation
- ages 19-29
- virtue of love
- establish intimacy and relationships with others
generativity v. stagnation
- ages 30-64
- virtue of care
- contribute to society and be part of a family
integrity v. despair
- ages 65+
- virtue of wisdom
- assess and make sense of life and meaning of contributions
Transference
- the client reacts to the therapist as they did to an earlier significant other
- allows clients to experience feelings that would otherwise be inaccessible
- client can achieve insight into the influence of the past
countertransference
- the reaction of the therapist toward the client that may interfere with objectivity
- can potentially help you understand your client’s world
Analytical Psychology
- human beings have both constructive and destructive forces
- in order to become integrated we must come to terms with our dark side or shadow
latent content
hidden, symbolic, and unconscious motives, wishes, and fears
psychodynamic therapy
emerged as a way of shortening and simplifying the lengthy process of classical psychoanalysis
objects relation theory
emphasis on how our relationships with other people are affected by the way we have internalized our experiences of others
Adler’s view of human nature
- behavior is purposeful and goal-directed; and conscious more than unconscious
- meaning in life
- strive for success
- completion
- choice and responsibility
social (life) task
building friendships
love (life) task
establishing intimacy
occupational (life) task
contributing to society
social interest
- an individuals attitude toward and awareness of being part of the human community
- embodies a community feeling and emphasizes the client’s positive feelings toward others in the world
- innate, learned, developed, and used
- we are primarily motivated by our desire to belong
Phase 1: Establishing the proper therapeutic
- relationship supportive, collaborative, educational, encouraging process
- help client build awareness of his/her strengths
Phase 2: Exploring the Individual’s Psychological Dynamics
- gain a deeper understanding of an individual’s lifestyle
- subject and objective interview
Phase 3: Encouraging Self Understanding/ Insight
- interpret the findings of the assessment
- hidden goals and purposes of behavior are made conscious
- therapist offers interpretations to help clients gain insight into their lifestyle
Phase 4: Reorientation and Re-education
- action oriented
- putting insights into practice
- shifting rules of interaction, process, and motivation
“As if” technique
- clients are asked to take a reflective step back prior to stepping forward to act
- encourages clients to reflect on how they would be different if they were acting as if they were the person they desire to be
- part of the reorientation process
Private logic
- how a person views themselves, others, and the world around them
- is created as a result of experiences
