Ch9: urinary system Flashcards
bladder
organ where urine collects before being excreted from the body
Bowman’s capsule
capsule surrounding a glomerulus and serving as a collection site for urine
calices, calyces
cup-shaped structures in the renal pelvis for the collection of urine
cortex
outer portion of the kidney
creatine
substance found in urine; elevated levels may indicate muscular dystrophy
creatinine
a component of creatine
filtration
process of separating solids from a liquid by passing it through a porous substance
glomerulus
group of capillaries in a nephron
hilum
portion of the kidney where blood vessels and nerves enter and exit
kidney
organ that forms urine and reabsorbs essential substances back into the bloodstream
meatus
external opening of a canal, such as the urethra
medulla
soft, central portion of the kidney
nephron
functional unit of a kidney
prostate
gland surrounding the urethra in the male; active in ejaculation of semen
reabsorption
process of returning essential elements to the bloodstream after filtration
renal pelvis
collecting area for urine in the center of the kidney
renin
enzyme produced in the kidneys to regulate the filtration rate of blood by increased blood pressure as necessary
retroperitoneal
posterior to the peritoneum
trigone
triangular area at the base of the bladder through which the ureters enter and the urethra exits the bladder
urea
waste product of nitrogen metabolism excreted in normal adult urine
ureter
one of 2 tubes that conduct urine from the kidney to the bladder
urethra
tube through which urine is transported from the bladder to the exterior of the body
uric acid
nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine
urinary bladder
bladder
urinary system
body system that forms and excretes urine and helps in the reabsorption of essential substances
urine
fluid excreted by the urinary system
acetone
type of ketone normally found in urine in small quantities; found in larger quantities in diabetic urine
albumin
simple protein; when leaked into urine, may indicate a kidney protein
bilirubin
substance produced in the liver; elevated levels may indicate liver disease or hepatitis when found in urine
casts
materials formed in urine when protein accumulates; may indicate renal disease
condom catheter
disposable catheter for urinary sample collection or incontinence
cystoscope
tubular instrument for examining the interior of the bladder
cystoscopy
the insertion of a cystoscope to examine the bladder with light
dialysis
method of filtration used when kidneys fail
extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)
breaking of kidney stones by using shock waves from outside the body
Foley catheter
indwelling catheter held in place by a balloon that inflates inside the bladder
glucose
form of sugar found in the blood; may indicate diabetes when found in the urine
hemodialysis
dialysis performed by passing blood through a filter outside the body and returning filtered blood to the body
indwelling
of a type of catheter inserted into the body
ketone
substance that results from the breakdown of fat; indicates diabetes or starvation when present in the urine
kidney, ureter, bladder (KUB)
x-ray of 3 parts of the urinary system
peritoneal dialysis
type of dialysis in which liquid that extracts substances from blood is inserted into the peritoneal cavity and later emptied outside the body
pH
measurement of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution such as urine
phenylketones
substances that, if accumulated in the urine of infants, indicate phenylketonuria (PKU), a disease treated by diet
renogram
radioactive imaging of kidney function after introduction of a substance that is filtered through the kidney while it is observed
retrograde pyelogram (RP)
x-ray of the bladder and ureters after a contrast medium is injected into the bladder
specific gravity
measurement of the concentration of wastes, minerals, and solids in urine
urinalysis
examination of the properties of urine
voiding (urinating) cystourethrogram
x-ray image made after introduction of a contrast medium and while urination is taking place
albuminuria
presence of albumin in urine, usually indicative of disease
anuria
lack of urine formation
atresia
abnormal narrowing, as of the ureters or urethra
azotemia
uremia
bladder cancer
malignancy of the bladder
Bright’s disease
inflammation of the glomeruli that can result in kidney failure
cystitis
inflammation of the bladder
cystocele
hernia of the bladder
cystolith
bladder stone
dysuria
painful urination
edema
retention of water in cells, tissues, and cavities, sometimes due to kidney disease
end-stage renal disease (ESRD)
the last stages of kidney failure
enuresis
urinary incontinence
glomerulonephritis
inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney
hematuria
blood in the urine
hydronephrosis
abnormal collection of urine in the kidneys due to a blockage
incontinence
inability to prevent excretion of urine or feces
ketonuria
increased urinary excretion of ketones, usually indicative of diabetes or starvation
kidney failure
loss of kidney function
nephritis
inflammation of the kidneys
nephroblastoma
Wilm’s tumor
nephroma
any renal tumor
nephrosis
disorder caused by loss of protein in the urine
nocturia
frequent nighttime urination
oliguria
scanty urine production
polycystic kidney disease
condition with many cysts on and within the kidneys
polyuria
excessive urination
proteinuria
abnormal presence of protein in the urine
pyelitis
inflammation of the renal pelvis
pyuria
pus in the urine
uremia
excess of urea and other nitrogenous wastes in the blood
urinary tract infection (UTI)
infection of the urinary tract
Wilms’ tumor
malignant kidney tumor found primarily in young children; nephroblastoma
