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med term: second half > Ch9: urinary system > Flashcards

Ch9: urinary system Flashcards

1
Q

bladder

A

organ where urine collects before being excreted from the body

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2
Q

Bowman’s capsule

A

capsule surrounding a glomerulus and serving as a collection site for urine

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3
Q

calices, calyces

A

cup-shaped structures in the renal pelvis for the collection of urine

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4
Q

cortex

A

outer portion of the kidney

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5
Q

creatine

A

substance found in urine; elevated levels may indicate muscular dystrophy

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6
Q

creatinine

A

a component of creatine

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7
Q

filtration

A

process of separating solids from a liquid by passing it through a porous substance

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8
Q

glomerulus

A

group of capillaries in a nephron

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9
Q

hilum

A

portion of the kidney where blood vessels and nerves enter and exit

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10
Q

kidney

A

organ that forms urine and reabsorbs essential substances back into the bloodstream

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11
Q

meatus

A

external opening of a canal, such as the urethra

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12
Q

medulla

A

soft, central portion of the kidney

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13
Q

nephron

A

functional unit of a kidney

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14
Q

prostate

A

gland surrounding the urethra in the male; active in ejaculation of semen

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15
Q

reabsorption

A

process of returning essential elements to the bloodstream after filtration

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16
Q

renal pelvis

A

collecting area for urine in the center of the kidney

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17
Q

renin

A

enzyme produced in the kidneys to regulate the filtration rate of blood by increased blood pressure as necessary

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18
Q

retroperitoneal

A

posterior to the peritoneum

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19
Q

trigone

A

triangular area at the base of the bladder through which the ureters enter and the urethra exits the bladder

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20
Q

urea

A

waste product of nitrogen metabolism excreted in normal adult urine

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21
Q

ureter

A

one of 2 tubes that conduct urine from the kidney to the bladder

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22
Q

urethra

A

tube through which urine is transported from the bladder to the exterior of the body

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23
Q

uric acid

A

nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine

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24
Q

urinary bladder

A

bladder

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25
Q

urinary system

A

body system that forms and excretes urine and helps in the reabsorption of essential substances

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26
Q

urine

A

fluid excreted by the urinary system

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27
Q

acetone

A

type of ketone normally found in urine in small quantities; found in larger quantities in diabetic urine

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28
Q

albumin

A

simple protein; when leaked into urine, may indicate a kidney protein

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29
Q

bilirubin

A

substance produced in the liver; elevated levels may indicate liver disease or hepatitis when found in urine

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30
Q

casts

A

materials formed in urine when protein accumulates; may indicate renal disease

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31
Q

condom catheter

A

disposable catheter for urinary sample collection or incontinence

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32
Q

cystoscope

A

tubular instrument for examining the interior of the bladder

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33
Q

cystoscopy

A

the insertion of a cystoscope to examine the bladder with light

34
Q

dialysis

A

method of filtration used when kidneys fail

35
Q

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)

A

breaking of kidney stones by using shock waves from outside the body

36
Q

Foley catheter

A

indwelling catheter held in place by a balloon that inflates inside the bladder

37
Q

glucose

A

form of sugar found in the blood; may indicate diabetes when found in the urine

38
Q

hemodialysis

A

dialysis performed by passing blood through a filter outside the body and returning filtered blood to the body

39
Q

indwelling

A

of a type of catheter inserted into the body

40
Q

ketone

A

substance that results from the breakdown of fat; indicates diabetes or starvation when present in the urine

41
Q

kidney, ureter, bladder (KUB)

A

x-ray of 3 parts of the urinary system

42
Q

peritoneal dialysis

A

type of dialysis in which liquid that extracts substances from blood is inserted into the peritoneal cavity and later emptied outside the body

43
Q

pH

A

measurement of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution such as urine

44
Q

phenylketones

A

substances that, if accumulated in the urine of infants, indicate phenylketonuria (PKU), a disease treated by diet

45
Q

renogram

A

radioactive imaging of kidney function after introduction of a substance that is filtered through the kidney while it is observed

46
Q

retrograde pyelogram (RP)

A

x-ray of the bladder and ureters after a contrast medium is injected into the bladder

47
Q

specific gravity

A

measurement of the concentration of wastes, minerals, and solids in urine

48
Q

urinalysis

A

examination of the properties of urine

49
Q

voiding (urinating) cystourethrogram

A

x-ray image made after introduction of a contrast medium and while urination is taking place

50
Q

albuminuria

A

presence of albumin in urine, usually indicative of disease

51
Q

anuria

A

lack of urine formation

52
Q

atresia

A

abnormal narrowing, as of the ureters or urethra

53
Q

azotemia

A

uremia

54
Q

bladder cancer

A

malignancy of the bladder

55
Q

Bright’s disease

A

inflammation of the glomeruli that can result in kidney failure

56
Q

cystitis

A

inflammation of the bladder

57
Q

cystocele

A

hernia of the bladder

58
Q

cystolith

A

bladder stone

59
Q

dysuria

A

painful urination

60
Q

edema

A

retention of water in cells, tissues, and cavities, sometimes due to kidney disease

61
Q

end-stage renal disease (ESRD)

A

the last stages of kidney failure

62
Q

enuresis

A

urinary incontinence

63
Q

glomerulonephritis

A

inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney

64
Q

hematuria

A

blood in the urine

65
Q

hydronephrosis

A

abnormal collection of urine in the kidneys due to a blockage

66
Q

incontinence

A

inability to prevent excretion of urine or feces

67
Q

ketonuria

A

increased urinary excretion of ketones, usually indicative of diabetes or starvation

68
Q

kidney failure

A

loss of kidney function

69
Q

nephritis

A

inflammation of the kidneys

70
Q

nephroblastoma

A

Wilm’s tumor

71
Q

nephroma

A

any renal tumor

72
Q

nephrosis

A

disorder caused by loss of protein in the urine

73
Q

nocturia

A

frequent nighttime urination

74
Q

oliguria

A

scanty urine production

75
Q

polycystic kidney disease

A

condition with many cysts on and within the kidneys

76
Q

polyuria

A

excessive urination

77
Q

proteinuria

A

abnormal presence of protein in the urine

78
Q

pyelitis

A

inflammation of the renal pelvis

79
Q

pyuria

A

pus in the urine

80
Q

uremia

A

excess of urea and other nitrogenous wastes in the blood

81
Q

urinary tract infection (UTI)

A

infection of the urinary tract

82
Q

Wilms’ tumor

A

malignant kidney tumor found primarily in young children; nephroblastoma

med term: second half (15 decks)

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