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med term: second half > Ch16: sensory system > Flashcards

Ch16: sensory system Flashcards

1
Q

auditory ossicles

A

3 specially shaped bones in the middle ear that anchor the eardrum to the tympanic cavity and that transmit vibrations to the inner ear

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2
Q

auricle

A

funnel-like structure leading from the external ear to the external auditory meatus; also called pinna

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3
Q

choroid

A

thin posterior membrane in the middle layer of the eye

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4
Q

ciliary body

A

thick anterior membrane in the middle layer of the eye

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5
Q

cochlea

A

snail-shaped structure in the inner ear that contains the organ of Corti

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6
Q

cones

A

specialized receptor cells in the retina that perceive color and bright light

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7
Q

conjunctiva (pl., conjunctivae)

A

mucous membrane lining the eyelid

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8
Q

cornea

A

transparent anterior section of the eyeball that bends light in a process called refraction

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9
Q

decibel

A

measure of the intensity of sound

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10
Q

ear

A

organ of hearing

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11
Q

eardrum

A

oval, semitransparent membrane that moves in response to sound waves and produces vibrations

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12
Q

endolymph

A

fluid inside the membranous labyrinth

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13
Q

equilibrium

A

sense of balance

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14
Q

eustachian

A

tube that connects the middle ear to the pharynx

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15
Q

eye

A

organ of sight

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16
Q

eyerbrow

A

clump of hair, usually about a half an inch above the eye, that helps to keep foreign particles from entering the eye

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17
Q

eyelashes

A

group of hair protruding from the eye of the eyelid; helps to keep foreign particles from entering the eye

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18
Q

fovea centralis

A

depression in the center of the macula lutea; perceives sharpest images

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19
Q

eyelid

A

moveable covering over the eye

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20
Q

hearing

A

ability to perceive sound

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21
Q

incus

A

one of the 3 auditory ossicles; the anvil

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22
Q

iris

A

colored part of the eye; contains muscles that expand and contract in response to light

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23
Q

lacrimal glands

A

glands that secrete liquid to moisten the eyes and produce tears

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24
Q

lens

A

colorless, flexible transparent body behind the iris

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25
Q

macula

A

inner ear structure containing hairlike sensors that move to maintain equilibrium

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26
Q

macula lutea

A

small, yellowish area located in the center of the retina, which has a depression called the fovea centralis

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27
Q

malleus

A

one of the 3 auditory ossicles; the hammer

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28
Q

membranous labyrinth

A

one of the 2 tubes that make up the semicircular canals

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29
Q

neuroretina

A

thick layer of nervous tissue in the retina

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30
Q

olfactory organs

A

organs at the top of the nasal cavity containing olfactory receptors

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31
Q

optic nerve

A

nerve that transmits nerve impulses from the eye to the brain

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32
Q

organ of Corti

A

structure on the basilar membrane with hairlike receptors that receive and transmit sounds waves

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33
Q

osseus labyrinth

A

one of the 2 tubes that make up the semicircular canals

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34
Q

otoliths

A

small calcifications in the inner ear that help to maintain balance

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35
Q

papillae

A

small, raised structures that contain the taste buds

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36
Q

perilymph

A

liquid secreted by the walls of the osseus labyrinth

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37
Q

pinna

A

auricle

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38
Q

pupil

A

black circular center of the eye; opens and closes when muscles in the iris expand and contract in response to light

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39
Q

refraction

A

process of bending light rays

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40
Q

retina

A

oval, light-sensitive membrane in the interior layer of the eye; decodes light waves and transmits information to the brain

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41
Q

rods

A

specialized receptor cells in the retina that perceive black to white shades

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42
Q

sclera (pl., sclerae)

A

thick, tough membrane in the outer eye layer; supports eyeball structure

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43
Q

semicircular canals

A

structures in the inner ear important to equilibrium

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44
Q

sensory receptors

A

specialized tissue containing cells that can receive stimuli

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45
Q

sensory system

A

organs or tissue that perceive and receive stimuli from outside or within the body

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46
Q

sight

A

ability to see

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47
Q

smell

A

ability to perceive odors

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48
Q

stapes (pl., stapedes)

A

one of the 3 auditory ossicles; the stirrup

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49
Q

taste

A

ability to perceive the qualities of ingested matter

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50
Q

taste buds

A

organs that sense the taste of food

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51
Q

taste cells

A

specialized receptor cells within the taste buds

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52
Q

tears

A

moisture secreted from the lacrimal glands

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53
Q

touch

A

ability to perceive sensation on the skin

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54
Q

tympanic membrane

55
Q

uvea

A

region of the eye containing the iris, choroid membrane, and ciliary bodies

56
Q

vestibule

A

bony chamber between the semicircular canal and the cochlea

57
Q

aerotitis media

A

inflammation of the middle ear caused by air pressure changes, as in air travel

58
Q

anacusis

A

loss of hearing

59
Q

aphakia

A

absence of a lens

60
Q

asthenopia

A

weakness of the ocular or ciliary muscles that causes the eyes to tire easily

61
Q

astigmatism

A

distortion of sight because of lack of focus of light rays at one point on the retina

62
Q

blepharitis

A

inflammation of the eyelid

63
Q

blepharochalasis

A

loss of elasticity of the eyelid

64
Q

blepharoptosis

A

drooping of the eyelid

65
Q

blepharospasm

A

involuntary eyelid movement; excessive blinking

66
Q

blindness

A

loss of absence of vision

67
Q

cataract

A

cloudiness of the lens of the eye

68
Q

chalazion

A

nodular inflammation that usually forms on the eyelid

69
Q

cholesteatoma

A

fatty cyst within the middle ear

70
Q

conjunctivitis

A

inflammation of the conjunctiva of the eyelid

71
Q

contact lenses

A

corrective lenses worn on the surface of the eye

72
Q

dacryoadenitis

A

inflammation of the lacrimal glands

73
Q

dacryocystitis

A

inflammation of a tear duct

74
Q

deafness

A

loss or absence of hearing

75
Q

dermatochalasis

A

loss of elasticity of the eyelid

76
Q

diplopia

A

double vision

77
Q

epiphora

A

excessive tearing

78
Q

esotropia

A

deviation of one eye inward

79
Q

exophthalmos, exophthalmus

A

abnormal protusion of the eyeballs

80
Q

exotropia

A

deviation of one eye outward

81
Q

eyestrain

A

asthenopia

82
Q

farsightedness

83
Q

glaucoma

A

any of various diseases caused by abnormally high eye pressure

84
Q

hordeolum

A

infection of a sebaceous gland of the eyelid; sty

85
Q

hyperopia

A

focusing behind the retina causing vision distortion; farsightedness

86
Q

iritis

A

inflammation of the iris

87
Q

keratitis

A

inflammation of the cornea

88
Q

labyrinthitis

A

inflammation of the labyrinth

89
Q

lacrimation

A

secretion of tears, usually excessively

90
Q

macular degeneration

A

gradual loss of vision caused by degeneration of tissue in the macula

91
Q

mastoiditis

A

inflammation of the mastoid process

92
Q

Meniere’s disease

A

elevated pressure within the cochlea

93
Q

myopia

A

focusing in front of the retina causing vision distortion; nearsightedness

94
Q

myringitis

A

inflammation of the eardrum

95
Q

nearsightedness

96
Q

nyctalopia

A

night blindness

97
Q

nystagmus

A

excessive involuntary eyeball movement

98
Q

otalgia

A

pain in the ear

99
Q

otitis externa

A

fungal infection of the external ear canal

100
Q

otitis media

A

inflammation of the middle ear

101
Q

otorrhagia

A

bleeding from the ear

102
Q

otorrhea

A

purulent discharge from the ear

103
Q

otosclerosis

A

hardening of bones of the ear

104
Q

paracusis

A

impaired hearing

105
Q

photophobia

A

extreme sensitivity to light

106
Q

pinkeye

A

conjunctivitis

107
Q

presbyacusis

A

age-related hearing loss

108
Q

presbyopia

A

age-related diminished ability to focus or accommodate

109
Q

pseudophakia

A

eye with an implanted lens after cataract surgery

110
Q

retinitis

A

inflammation of the retina

111
Q

retinitis pigmentosa

A

progressive, inherited disease with a pigmented spot on the retina and poor night vision

112
Q

scleritis

A

inflammation of the sclera

113
Q

scotoma

A

blind spot in vision

114
Q

strabismus

A

eye misalignment

115
Q

sty, stye

116
Q

tinnitus

A

constant ringing or buzzing in the ear

117
Q

trichiasis

A

abnormal growth of eyelashes in a direction that causes them to rub on the eye

118
Q

tympanitis

A

inflammation of the eardrum

119
Q

vertigo

120
Q

miotic

A

agent that causes the pupil to contract

121
Q

mydriatic

A

agent that causes the pupil to dilate

122
Q

blepharoplasty

A

surgical repair of the eyelid

123
Q

cryoretinopexy

A

fixing of a torn retina using extreme cold

124
Q

dacryocystectomy

A

removal of a lacrimal sac

125
Q

enucleation

A

removal of an eyeball

126
Q

iridectomy

A

removal of part of the iris

127
Q

iridotomy

A

incision into the iris to relieve pressure

128
Q

keratoplasty

A

corneal transplant

129
Q

myringotomy

A

insertion of a small tube to help drain fluid from the ears (particularly of children)

130
Q

otoplasty

A

surgical repair of the outer ear

131
Q

phacoemulsification

A

use of ultrasound to break up and remove cataracts

132
Q

stapedectomy

A

removal of the stapes to cure otosclerosis

133
Q

trabeculectomy

A

removal of part of the trabeculum to allow aqueous humor to flow freely around the eye

134
Q

tympanoplasty

A

repair of an eardrum

med term: second half (15 decks)

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