Ch.9: The Cardiovascular System - Cardiology Flashcards
valvul/o
valve
atri/o
atrium (upper chamber)
sept/o
septum (plural: septa)
ventricul/o
ventricle (lower chamber)
cardi/o
heart
coron/o
heart
angi/o
vas/o
vascul/o
vessel
aort/o
aorta
arteri/o
artery
ather/o
fatty plaque
phleb/o
ven/o
vein
angina pectoris
angina pectoris (to choke chest)
ah-JAI-nah-PEK-tor-is
oppressive pain in the chest caused by irregular blood flow to the heart
arrhythmia
a/rrhythm/ia (no/rhythm/condition)
ay-RITH-mee-ah
irregular heartbeat
dysrhythmia
dys/rhythm/ia (bad/rhythm/condition)
dis-RITH-mee-ah
irregular heartbeat
palpitation
Latin to flutter
PAL-pih-TAY-shun
rapid or irregular bearing of the heart
pectoralgia
pector/algia (chest/pain)
PEK-tor-AL-jah
chest pain
aortalgia
aort/algia (aorta/pain)
AY-or-TAL-jah
pain in the aorta
diaphoresis
dia/phoresis (through/carry)
DAI-ah-for-EE-sis
profuse sweating
hemorrhage
hemo/rrhage (blood/burst forth)
HEM-oh-RIJ
loss of blood
phlebalgia
phleb/algia (vein/pain)
fleh-BAL-jah
pain in a vein
endocardium
endo/card/ium (inside/heart/tissue)
EN-doh-KAR-dee-um
tissue lining the inside of the heart
epicardium
epi/card/ium (upon/heart/tissue)
EH-puh-KAR-dee-um
tissue lining the outside
myocardium
myo/card/ium (muscle/heart/tissue)
MAI-oh-KAR-dee-um
heart muscle tissue
pericardium
peri/card/ium (around/heart/tissue)
PER-uh-KAR-dee-um
tissue around the heart
bradycardia
brady/card/ia (slow/heart/condition)
BRAY-dih-KAR-dee-ah
slow heartbeat
cardiomegaly
cardio/megaly (heart/enlargement)
KAR-dee-oh-MEH-gah-lee
enlarged heart
cyanosis
cyan/osis (blue/condition)
SAI-ah-NOH-sis
bluish appearance to the skin-a sign that the tissue isn’t receiving enough oxygen
cardiotoxic
cardio/toxic (heart/poison)
KAR-dee-oh-TOK-sik
poisonous to the heart
murmur
Latin for to grumble or hum
MIR-mir
abnormal heart sound
tachycardia
tachy/card/ia (fast/heart/condition)
TAK-ih-KAR-dee-ah
rapid heartbeat
vena cava
vena cava (vein hollow) vee-nah CAY-vah large-diameter vein that gathers blood from the body and returns it to the heart
inferior vena cava
inferior vena cava (lower vein hollow)
in-FEER-ee-or VEE-nah CAY-vah
portion of the vena cava that gathers blood from the lower portion of the body
superior vena cava
superior vena cava (upper vein hollow)
soo-PEER-ee-or VEE-nah CAY-vah
portion of the vena cava that gathers blood from the upper portion of the body (head and arms)
angiogenesis
angio/genesis (vessel/creation)
AN-jee-oh-JIN-eh-sis
development of the blood vessels
angiolith
angio/lith (vessel/stone)
AN-jee-oh-LITH
stone forming in the wall of a blood vessel
angiopoiesis
angio/poiesis (vessel/formation)
AN-jee-oh-poh-EE-sis
formation of blood vessels
angiosclerosis
angio/scler/osis (vessel/hard/condition)
AN-jee-oh-skleh-ROH-sis
hardening of a blood vessel
aortectasia
anort/ectasia (aorta/dilation)
ay-OR-tek-TAY-zhah
dilation of the aorta
aortic stenosis
aort/ic sten/osis (aorta/pertaining to narrow/condition)
ay-ORtik stih-NOH-sis
narrowing of the aorta
aortolith
aorto/lith (aorta/stone)
ay-OR-toh-LITH
stone deposit in the wall of the
arteriolith
arterio/lith (artery/stone)
ar-TER-ee-oh-LITH
stone in the artery
arteriorrhexis
arterio/rrhexis (artery/rupture)
ar-TER-ee-oh-REK-sis
rupture of an artery
arteriorsclerosis
arterio/scler/osis (artery/hard/condition)
ar-TER-ee-oh-skleh-ROH-sis
hardening of an artery
artherogenesis
arthero/genesis (fatty plaque/creation)
A-ther-oh-JIN-eh-sis
formation of fatty plaque on the wall of an artery
artherosclerosis
arthero/scler/osis (fatty plaque/hard/condition)
A-ther-oh-skleh-ROH-sis
hardening of an artery due to buildup of fatty plaque
embolus
em/bolus (in/throw)
EM-boh-lus
mass of matter present in the blood
embolism
embol/ism (embolus/condition)
EM-boh-LIZ-um
blockage in a blood vessel caused by an embolus
ischemia
isch/emia (hold back/blood condtion)
ih-SKEE-mee-ah
blockage of blood flow to an organ
occlusion
Latin for to close off
oh-KLOO-zhun
closing of blockage of a passage
phlebosclerosis
phlebo/scler/osis (vein/hard/condition)
FLEB-oh-skleh-ROH-sis
hardening of a vein
thrombus
Greek for lump, clot, or even curd of milk
THROM-bus
blood clot
varicose veins
varicose veins (swollen/twisted veins)
VAR-ih-kohs VAYNS
an enlarged, dilated vein toward the surface of the skin
vasospasm
vaso/spasm (vessel/involuntary contraction)
VAS-oh-SPAZ-um
involuntary contraction of a blood vessel
venosclerosis
veno/scler/osis (vein/hard/condition)
VEE-noh-skleh-ROH-sis
hardening of a vein
venospasm
veno/spasm (vein/involuntary contraction)
VEE-noh-SPAZ-um
involuntary contraction of a vein
venostasis
veno/stasis (vein/standing)
VEE-noh-STA-sis
trapping of a blood in an extremity due to compression
angiogram
angio/gram (vessel/record)
AN-jee-oh-GRAM
record of the blood
angiography
angio/graphy (vessel/writing procedure)
AN-jee-AW-grah-fee
procedure to describe the blood vessels
aortogram
aorto/gram (aorta/record)
ay-OR-tah-GRAM
record of the aorta
arteriogram
arterio/gram (artery/record_
ar-TER-ee-oh-GRAM
record of an artery
venogram
veno/gram (vein/record)
VEE-noh-gram
record of a vein
angioscope
angio/scope (vessel/device for looking)
AN-jee-oh-SKOWP
device for looking into a blood vessel
cardiac catheterization
cardi/ac catheter/ization (heart/pertaining to catheter/procedure)
KAR-dee-ak KATH-eh-ter-ih-ZAY-shun
process of inserting a tube (catheter) into the heart
echocardiogram
echo/cardio/gram (echo/heart/record)
EK-oh-KAR-dee-oh-GRAM
image of the heart produced using sound waves
echocardiography
echo/cardio/graphy (echo/heart/writing procedure)
EK-oh-KAR-dee-AW-grah-fee
use of sound waves to produce an image of the heart
electrocardiogram
electro/cardio/gram (electricity/heart/record)
eh-LEK-troh-KAR-dee-oh-GRAM
record of the electrical currents of the heart
electrocardiography
electro/cardio/graphy (electricity/heart/writting procedure)
eh-LEK-troh-KAR-dee-AW-grah-fee
procedure for recording the electrical currents of the heart
sonography
sono/graphy (sound/writing procedure)
saw-NAW-grah-fee
use of sound waves to produce diagnostic images; also called ultrasound
stress electrocardiogram
stress electro/cardio/gram (stress electricity/heart/record)
STRES-eh-LEK-troh-KAR-dee-oh-GRAM
records electrical signals of the heart while the patient experiences increases of exercise stress
transesophageal echocardiogram
trans/esophag/eal (through/esophagus/pertaining to)
echo/cardio/gram (echo/heart/record)
TRANZ-eh-SOF-ah-JEE-al EK-oh-KAR-dee-oh-GRAM
record of the heart using sounds waves performed by inserting the transducer into the esophagus
vascular endoscopy
vascul/ar endo/scopy (vessel/pertaining to inside/looking procedure)
VAS-kyoo-lar en-DAW-skoh-pee
procedure to look inside a blood vessel
blood pressure
blood pressure
BLUD PRESH-ur
the force exerted by blood on the walls of blood vessels
diastolic pressure
dia/stol/ic pressure (through/send/pertaining to)
DAI-ah-STAW-lik PRESH-ur
pressure exerted on blood vessels when heart is relaxed
systolic pressure
sys/tol/ic pressure (together/send/pertaining to)
pressure exerted on blood vessels when heart is contracting
cardiologist
cardio/logist (heart/specialist)
KAR-dee-AW-loh-jist
heart specialist
cardiology
cardio/logy (heart/study of)
KAR-dee-AW-loh-jee
branch of medicine dealing with the heart
cardiovascular
cardio/vascul/ar (heart/vessel/pertaining to)
KAR-dee-oh-VAS-kyoo-lar
pertaining to the heart and blood vessels
circulation
Latin for to go in a circle
SIR-kyoo-LAY-shun
moving of blood from the heart through the vessels and back to the heart
coronary circulation
coron/ary circulation (heart/pertaining to)
KOR-ah-NER-ee SIR-kyoo-LAY-shun
circulation of blood from the heart to the heart muscle (the heart always feeds itself first)
phlebology
phlebo/logy (vein/study of)
flab-AW-loh-jee
study of veins
phlebologist
phlebo/logist (vein/specialist)
fleb-AW-loh-jist
specialist in veins
phlebotomist
phlebo/tom/ist (vein/incision/specialist)
fleh-BAW-toh-mist
one who draws blood
phlebotomy
phlebo/tomy (vein/incision)
incision into a vein-the technical term for drawing blood
pulmonary circulation
pulmon/ary circulation (lung/pertaining to)
PUL-mon-AR-ee SIR-kyoo-LAY-shun
circulation of blood from the heart to the lungs (to oxygenate it)
systemic circulation
sys/stem/ic circulation (together/stand/pertaining to)
sih-STEM-ik SIR-kyoo-LAY-shun
circulation of blood from the heart to the rest of the body
angiocarditis
angio/card/itis (vessel/heart/inflammation)
AN-jee-oh-kar-DAI-tis
inflammation of the heart vessels
atrial fibrillation
atri/al fibrill/ation (atrium/pertaining to little fibers/process)
AY-tree-al FIB-rih-LAY-shun
quivering or spontaneous contraction of muscle fibers in the heart’s atrium
atrial septal defect (ASD)
atri/al sept/al de/fect (atrium/pertaining to septum/pertaining to bad/made)
AY-tree-al SEP-tal DEE-fekt
flaw in the septum that divides the two atria of the heart
cardiac arrest
cardi/ac arrest (heart/pertaining to stop)
KAR-dee-ak ah-REST
cessation of functional circulation
cardiomyopathy
cardio/myo/pathy (heart/muscle/disease)
KAR-dee-oh-mai-AW-pah-thee
disease of the heart muscle
congestive cardiomyopathy
con/gestive cardio/myo/pathy (together/bring heart/muscle/disease)
con-JES-tiv KAR-dee-oh-mai-AW-pah-thee
heart cavity is unable to pump all the blood out of itself (congestive) and becomes stretched (dilated), which causes weak/slow pumping of blood
dilated cardiomyopathy
dilated cardio/myo/pathy (expanded heart/muscle/disease)
DAI-lay-ted KAR-dee-oh-mai-AW-pah-thee
another term for congestive cardiomyopathy
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
hyper/troph/ic cardio/myo/pathy (over/developed/pertaining to heart/muscle/disease)
HAI-per-TROH-fik KAR-dee-oh-mai-AW-pah-thee
heart muscle becomes enlarged and blocks blood flow
restrictive cardiomyopathy
re/strict/ive cardio/myo/pathy (back/tied/pertaining to heart/muscle/disease)
ree-STRIK-tiv KAR-dee-oh-mai-AW-pah-thee
heart muscle hardens, restricting the expansion of the heart, thus limiting the amount of blood it can pump to the rest of the body
carditis
card/itis (heart/inflammation)
kar-DAI-tis
inflammation of the heart
congenital heart defect
con/genit/al heart de/fect (together/birth/pertaining to heart bad/made)
con-JEN-ih-tal HART DEE-fekt
flaw in the structure of the heart present at birth
congestive heart failure (CHF)
con/gest/ive heart failure (together/bring/pertaining to)
con-JES-tiv HART FAYL-yir
heart failure characterized by the heart cavity being unable to pump all the blood out of itself (congestive)
coronary thrombosis
coron/ary thromb/osis (heart/pertaining to clot/condition)
KOR-ah-NER-ee throm-BOH-sis
obstruction of a coronary artery by a clot
endocarditis
endo/card/itis (inside/heart/inflammation)
EN-doh-kar-DAI-tis
inflammation of the tissue lining the inside of the heart
myocardial infarction (MI)
myo/cardi/al in/farc/tion (muscle/heart/pertaining to in/stuff/condition)
MAI-oh-KAR-dee-al in-FARK-shun
death of heart muscle tissue
myocardial ischemia
myo/cardi/al isch/emia (muscle/heart/pertaining to hold back/blood condition)
MAI-oh-KAR-dee-al ih-SKEE-mee-ah
blockage of blood to the heart muscle
myocarditis
myo/card/itis (muscle/heart/inflammation)
MAI-oh-kar-DAI-tis
inflammation of the heart muscle
pericardial effusion
peri/cardi/al ef/fusion (around/heart/pertaining to out/pour)
PER-ee-KAR-dee-al ee-FYOO-zhun
fluid pouring out into the tissue around the heart
pericarditis
peri/card/itis (around/heart/inflammation)
PER-ee-kar-DAI-tis
inflammation of the tissue around the heart
valvulitis
valvul/itis (valve/inflammation)
VAL-vyoo-LAI-tis
inflammation of a heart valve
ventricular septal defect (VSD)
ventricul/ar sept/al de/fect (ventricle/pertaining to septum/pertaining to bad/made)
ven-TRIK-yoo-lar SEP-tal-DEE-fekt
flaw in the septum that divides the two ventricles of the heart
aneurysm
an/eury/sm (up/wide/condition)
AN-yir-IZ-um
bulge in a blood vessel
angioedema
angio/edema (vessel/swelling)
AN-jee-oh-eh-DEE-mah
swelling of the blood vessels
angioma
angi/oma (vessel/tumor)
AN-jee-OH-mah
blood vessel tumor
aortic aneurysm
aort/ic an/eury/sm (aorta/pertaining to up/wide/condition)
ay-OR-tik AN-yir-IZ-um
bulging or swelling of the aorta
aortic regurgitation
aort/ic re/gurgit/ation (aorta/pertaining to back/bubble/condition)
ay-OR-tik ree-GIR-jih-TAY-shun
flow of blood backward from the aorta into the heart; caused by a weak heart valve
aortitis
aort/itis (aorta/inflammation)
ay-or-TAI-tis
inflammation of the aorta
arteriopathy
arterio/pathy (artery/disease)
ar-TER-ee-AW-pah-thee
disease of the arteries
arteritis
arter/itis (artery/inflammation)
AR-ter-AI-tis
inflammation of the arteries
deep vein thrombosis
deep vein thromb/osis (deep vein clot/condition)
DEEP VAYN throm-BOH-sis
formation of a blood clot in a vein deep in the body, most commonly in the leg
hypertension
hyper/tens/ion (over/stretch/condition)
HAI-per-TEN-shun
high blood pressure
hypotension
hypo/tens/ion (under/stretch/condition)
HAI-poh-TEN-shun
low blood pressure
normotension
normo/tens/ion (normal/stretch/condition)
NOR-moh-TEN-shun
normal blood pressure
phlebitis
phleb/itis (vein/inflammation)
fleh/BAI-tis
inflammation of the veins
phlebostenosis
phlebo/sten/osis (vein/narrow/condition)
FLEB-oh-sten-OH-sis
narrowing of the veins
thrombophlebitis
thrombo/phleb/itis (clot/vein/inflammation)
THROM-boh-fleh-BAI-tis
inflammation of vein caused by a clot
vasculitis
vascul/itis (vessel/inflammation)
VAS-kyoo-LAI-tis
inflammation of blood vessels
antianginal
anti/angin/al (against/angina (choke)/agent)
AN-tee-AN-jih-nal
drug that prevents or relieves the symptoms of angina pectoris
antiarrhythmic
anti/a/rrhythm/ic (against/no/rhythm/agent)
AN-tee-a-RITH-mik
drug that opposes an irregular heartbeat
anticoagulant
anti/coagul/ant (against/coagulation/agent)
AN-tee-koh-AG-yoo-lant
drug that opposes the coagulation of the blood
antihypertensive
anti/hyper/tens/ive (against/over/stretch/agent)
AN-tee-HAI-per-TEN-siv
drug that opposes high blood pressure
cardiotonic
cardio/ton/ic (heart/tone/agent)
KAR-dee-oh-TAW-nik
drug that increases the strength of the heart contractions
thrombolytic
thrombo/lyt/ic (clot/loose/agent)
THROM-boh-LIH-tik
drug that breaks down clots
vasoconstrictor
vaso/constrict/or (vessel/narrowing/agent)
VAS-oh-kin-STRIK-tor
drug that constricts or narrows the diameter of a blood vessel
vasodilator
vaso/dilat/or (vessel/expanding/agent)
VAS-oh-DAI-lay-tor
drug that causes the relaxation or expansion of a blood vessel
vasopressor
vaso/press/or (vessel/press/agent)
VAS-oh-PRES-or
drug that constricts or narrows the diameter of a blood vessel
cardiomyotomy
cardio/myo/tomy (heart/muscle/incision)
KAR-dee-oh-mai-AW-toh-mee
incision into the heart muscle
cardiopulmonary bypass
cardio/pulmon/ary bypass (heart/lung/pertaining to)
KAR-dee-oh-PUL-mon-AR-ee BAI-pass
procedure that temporarily circulates and oxygenates a patient’s blood during the portion of heart surgery where the heart i stopped
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
cardio/pulmon/ary re/suscit/ation (heart/lung/pertaining to again/stir up/procedure)
KAR-dee-oh-PUL-mon-AR-ee re-SUS-uh-TAY-SHUN
basic life support
cardiothoracic surgery
cardio/thorac/ic surgery (heart/chest/pertaining to)
KAR-dee-oh-thoh-RA-sik SIR-jir-ee
surgery that involves cutting through the patient’s chest to get to the heart
cardioversion
cardio/vers/ion (heart/turn/procedure)
KAR-dee-oh-VER-zhun
returning a heart to normal rhythm
coronary arterectomy
coron/ary arter/ectomy (heart/pertaining to artery/removal)
KOR-oh-NER-ee AR-ter-EK-toh-mee
surgical removal of a coronary artery
coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
coronary artery bypass graft
KOR-ah-NER-ee AR-ter-ee-BAI-pas GRAFT
borrowed piece of blood vessel used to bypass a blocked artery in the heart
coronary artery bypass surgery
coronary artery bypass surgery
KOR-ah-NER-ee AR-ter-ee BAI-pas SIR-jir-ee
surgery to bypass blocked artery in the heart
percutaneous coronary intervention
per/cutane/ous coron/ary (through/skin/pertaining to heart/pertaining to)
PER-kyoo-TAY-nee-us KOR-ah-NER-ee IN-ter-VEN-shun
alternate treatment for a coronary artery that passes instrument up a patient’s blood vessels into the heart
pericardiocentesis
peri/cardio/centesis (around/heart/puncture)
PER-ee-KAR-dee-oh-sin-TEE-sis
puncture of the tissue around the heart
pericariotomy
peri/cardio/tomy (around/heart/incision)
PER-ee-KAR-dee-AW-toh-mee
incision into the tissue around the heart
valvectomy
valv/ectomy (valve/removal)
val-VEK-toh-mee
surgical removal of a heart valve
valvotomy
valvo/tomy (valve/incision)
val-VAW-toh-mee
incision into a heart valve
valvuloplasty
valvulo/plasty (valve/reconstruction)
VAL-vyoo-loh-PLAS-tee
surgical reconstruction of a heart valve
ventriculotomy
ventriculo/tomy (ventricle/incision)
ven-TRIK-yoo-LAW-toh-mee
incision into a ventricle
anastomosis
ana/stom/osis (up/mouth/condition)
ah-NAS-tah-moh-sis
creation of an opening between two normally separate structures
aneurysmectomy
an/eury/sm/ectomy (up/wide/condition/removal)
AN-yir-IZ-um-EK-toh-mee
surgical removal of an aneurysm
angioplasty
angio/plasty (vessel/reconstruction)
AN-jee-oh-PLAS-tee
surgical reconstruction of a vessel
angiorrhaphy
angio/rrhaphy (vessel/suture)
AN-jee-OR-ah-fee
suture of a vessel
aortorrhaphy
aorto/rrhaphy (aorta/suture)
ay-or-TOR-ah-fee
suture of the aorta
aortotomy
aorto/tomy (aorta/incision)
ay-or-TAW-toh-mee
incision into the aorta
arteriectomy
arteri/ectomy (artery/removal)
ar-TER-ee-EK-toh-mee
surgical removal of an artery
arterioplasty
arterio/plasty (artery/reconstruction)
ar-TER-ee-oh-PLAS-tee
surgical reconstruction of an artery
arteriorrhaphy
arterio/rrhaphy (artery/suture)
ar-TER-ee-OR-ah-fee
suture of an artery
atherectomy
ather/ectomy (fatty plaque/removal)
A-ther-EK-toh-mee
surgical removal of fatty plaque within an artery
embolectomy
embol/ectomy (embolus/removal)
EM-boh-LEK-toh-mee
surgical removal of an embolus
endarterectomy
end/arter/ectomy (inside/artery/removal)
END-ar-ter-EK-toh-mee
surgical removal of the inside of an artery
phlebectomy
phleb/ectomy (vein/removal)
fleb-EK-toh-mee
surgical removal of a vein
phlebophlebostomy
phlebo/phlebo/stomy (vein/vein/opening)
FLEB-oh-fleb-AW-stoh-mee
procedure to create an opening between two veins
varicotomy
varico/tomy (swollen/incision)
VAR-ih-KAW-toh-mee
surgical removal of a varicose vein
venectomy
ven/ectomy (vein/removal)
veh-NEK-toh-mee
surgical removal of a vein
AAA
abdominal aortic aneurysm
A-fib
atrial fibrillation
ASD
atrial septal defect
BP
blood pressure
CABG
coronary artery bypass graft
CAD
coronary artery disease
CHF
congestive heart failure
CO
cardiac output
CTA
computed tomographic angiography
DVT
deep vein thrombosis
ECHO
echocardiogram
EKG
electrocardiogram
HTN
hypertension
MI
myocardial infarcation
MRA
magnetic resonance angiography
MVP
mitral valve prolapse
NSR
normal sinus rhythm
PCI
percutaneous coronary intervention
SCA
sudden cardiac arrest
SV
stroke volume
TEE
transesophageal echocardiogram
VSD
ventricular septal defect