Ch. 8: The Blood and Lymphatic Systems - Hematology and Immunology Flashcards
coagul/o
coagulation
thromb/o
clot
hem/o
hemat/o
blood
cyt/o
cell
leuk/o
white
phleb/o
ven/o
vein
lymph/o
lymph
myel/o
bone marrow, spine
-emia
blood condition
tonsill/o
tonsils
splen/o
spleen
thym/o
thymus
immun/o
immune system
-penia
deficiency
anemia
an/emia (no/blood condition)
ah-NEE-mee-ah
reduction of red blood cells noticed by the patient as weakness and fatigue
ecchymosis
Greek for to pour out
eh-kih-MOH-sis
large bruise
hematoma
hemat/oma (blood/tumor)
HEE-mah-TOH-mah
mass of blood within an organ, cavity, or tissue
hemophilia
hemo/phil/ia (blood/love/condition) HEE-moh-FEE-lee-ah
condition in which the blood doesn’t clot, thus causing excessive bleeding
hemorrhage
hemo/rrhage (blood/excessive flow)
HEM-oh-RIJ
excessive blood loss
petechia
Latin for freckle or spot
puh-TEE-kee-yah
small bruise
reperfusion injury
re/per/fusion injury (again/through/pour injury)
REE-pir-FYOO-zhun IN-jir-ee
injury to tissue that occurs after blood flow is restored
lymphadenopathy
lymph/adeno/pathy (lymph/gland/disease)
lim-FAD-eh-NAW-pah-thee
any disease of a lymph gland (node); used to refer to noticeably swollen lymph nodes, especially in the neck
lymphedema
lymph/edema (lymph/swelling)
LIMF-ah-DEE-mah
swelling caused by abnormal accumulation of lymph usually in the extremities
splenalgia
splen/algia (spleen/pain)
splee-NAL-jah
pain in the spleen
splenodynia
spleno/dynia (spleen/pain)
SPLEE-noh-DAI-nee-ah
pain in the spleen
anisocytosis
an/iso/cyt/osis (not/equal/cell/condition)
AN-ai-soh-SAI-toh-sis
condition characterized by a great inequality in the size of red blood cells
elliptocytosis
ellipto/cyt/osis (oval-shaped/cell/condition)
ee-LIP-toh-SAI-toh-sis
condition characterized by an increase in the number of oval-shaped red blood cells
embolism
embol/ism (embolus/condition)
EM-boh-LIZ-um
blockage in a blood vessel caused by an embolus
embolus
em/bolus (in/throw)
EM-boh-lus
mass of matter present in the blood
erythrocyte
erythro/cyte (red/cell)
eh-RIH-throh-SAIT
red blood cell
erythrocytosis
erythro/cyt/osis (red/cell/condition)
eh-RIH-throh-sai-TOH-sis
abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells
hematopoiesis
hemato/poiesis (blood/formation)
heh-MAH-toh-poh-EE-sis
formation of blood cells
hemolysis
hemo/lysis (blood/breakdown)
hee-MAW-lih-sis
breakdown of blood cells
leukocyte
leuko/cyte (white/cell)
LOO-koh-sait
white blood cell
leukocytosis
leuko/cyt/osis (white/cell/condition)
LOO-koh-sai-TOH-sis
increase in the number of white blood cells
leukopenia
leuko/penia (white/deficiency)
LOO-koh-PEE-nee-ah
deficiency in white blood cells
macrocytosis
macro/cyt/osis (large/cell/condition)
MAH-kroh-sai-TOH-sis
condition characterized by large red blood cells
microcytosis
micro/cyt/osis (small/cell/condition)
MAI-kroh-sai-TOH-sis
condition characterized by small red blood cells
myelopoiesis
myelo/poiesis (bone marrow/formation)
MAI-eh-loh-poh-EE-sis
formation of bone marrow
neutropenia
neutro/penia (neutrophil/deficiency)
NOO-troh-PEE-nee-ah
deficiency in neutrophil
neutrophil
a type of white blood cell
normocyte
normo/cyte (normal/cell)
NOR-moh-sait
normal-sized red blood cell
oligocythemia
oligo/cyt/hemia (few/cell/blood condition)
AW-lih-goh-sih-THEE-mee-ah
deficiency in the number of red blood cells
pancytopenia
pan/cyto/penia (all/cell/deficiency)
PAN-SAI-toh-PEE-nee-ah
deficiency in all cellular components of the blood
phagocytosis
phago/cyt/osis (eat/cell/condition)
FAY-goh-sai-TOH-sis
process in which phagocytes destroy (or eat) foreign microorganisms or cell debris
phagocytes
a type of white blood cell
poikilocytosis
poikilo/cyt/osis (various/cell/condition)
POI-kih-loh-sai-TOH-sis
condition characterized by red blood cells in a variety of shapes
polycythemia
poly/cyt/hemia (many/cell/blood condition)
PAW-lee-sih-THEE-mee-ah
excess of red blood cells
reticulocyte
reticulo/cyte (net/cell)
reh-TIK-yoo-loh-SAIT
immature red blood cell; the root comes from its netlike appearance
spherocyte
sphero/cyte (sphere/cell)
SFEE-roh-SAIT
red blood cell that assumes a spherical shape
thrombocyte
thrombo/cyte (clot/cell)
THROM-boh-sait
cell that helps blood clot; also known as a platelet
thrombocytopenia
thrombo/cyto/penia (clot/cell/deficiency)
THROM-boh-SAI-toh-PEE-nee-ah
deficiency in the number of platelets (clot cells)
thrombocytosis
thrombo/cyt/osis (clot/cell/condition)
THROM-boh-sai-TOH-sis
increase in the number of platelets (clot cells)
thromboembolism
thrombo/embol/ism (clot/embolus/condition)
THROM-boh-EM-boh-LIZ-um
blockage of a vessel (embolism) caused by a clot that has broken off from where it formed
thrombogenic
thrombo/gen/ic (clot/formation/pertaining to)
THROM-boh-JIN-ik
capable of producing a blood clot
thrombosis
thromb/osis (clot/condition)
throm/BOH-sis
the formation of a blood clot
thrombus
Greek for lump, clot, or even curd of milk
THROM-bus
blood clot
asplenia
a/splen/ia (no/spleen/condition)
ah-SPLEE-nee-ah
absence of a spleen or of spleen function
hepatosplenomegaly
hepato/spleno/megaly (liver/spleen/enlargement)
heh-PAT-oh-SPLEE-noh-MEH-gah-lee
enlargement of the liver and spleen
lymphocyte
lympho/cyte (lymph/cell)
LIM-foh-SAIT
lymph cell
lymphopenia
lympho/penia (lymph/deficiency)
LIM-foh-PEE-nee-ah
abnormal deficiency in lymph
splenectopy
splen/ec/top/y (spleen/out/place/condition)
splee-NEK-toh-pee
displacement of the spleen; sometimes called floating spleen
splenolysis
spleno/lysis (spleen/breakdown)
splee-NAW-lih-sis
breakdown (destruction) of spleen tissue
splenomalacia
spleno/malacia (spleen/softening)
SPLEE-noh-mah-LAY-shah
softening of the spleen
splenomegaly
spleno/megaly (spleen/enlargement)
SPLEE-noh-MEH-gah-lee
enlargement of the spleen
splenoptosis
spleno/ptosis (spleen/drooping condition)
SPLEE-nawp-TOH-sis
downward displacement (drooping) of the spleen
thymic hyperplasia
thym/ic hyper/plasia (thymus/pertaining to over/formation)
THAI-mik-HAI-per-PLAY-zhah
overdevelopment of the thymus
antibody
anti/body (against/body)
AN-tih-BAW-dee
substance produced by the body in response to an antigen
antigen
anti/gen (againts/creation)
AN-tih-JIN
substance that causes the body to produce antibodies
hematocrit
hemato/crit (blood/judge (separate))
hee-MAT-oh-krit
test to judge or separate the blood; it is used to determine the ratio of red blood cells to total blood volume
hematology
hemato/logy (blood/study)
HEE-mah-TAW-loh-jee
study of the blood
hemoglobin
hemo/globin (blood/globe)
HEE-moh-GLOH-bin
iron-containing pigment in red blood cells that carries oxygen to the cells
hypoperfusion
hypo/per/fusion (under/through/pour)
HAI-poh-per-FYOO-zhun
inadequate flow of blood
immunoglobulin
immuno/globulin (immune/globe)
im-MYOO-noh-GLAW-byoo-lin
protein that provides protection (immunity) against disease
immunology
immuno/logy (immune/study)
IM-myoo-NAW-loh-jee
study of the immune system
immunologist
immuno/logist (immune/specialist)
IM-myoo-NAW-loh-jist
specialist in the study of the immune system
lymphangiogram
lymph/angio/gram (lymph/vessel/record)
lim-FAN-jee-oh-GRAM
record of the study of lymph vessels
lymphangiography
lymph/angio/graphy (lymph/vessel/writing procedure)
lim-FAN-jee-AW-grah-fee
procedure to study the lymph vessels
perfusion
per/fusion (through/pour)
per-FYOO-zhun
circulation of blood through tissue
phlebology
phlebo/logy (vein/study of)
fleh-BAW-loh-jee
study of veins
phlebotomist
phlebo/tom/ist (vein/cut/specialist)
fleh-BAW-toh-mist
specialist in drawing blood
phlebotomy
phlebo/tomy (vein/incision)
fleh-BAW-toh-mee
incision into a vein; another name for drawing blood
shygomomanometer
sphygmo/mano/meter (strangle/thin/instrument for measuring)
SFIG-moh-mah-NAW-meh-ter
fancy name for the device used to measure blood pressure
autoimmune disease
auto/immune (self/immune)
AW-toh-ih-MYOON dih-ZEEZ
disease caused by the body’s immune system attacking the body’s own healthy tissue
coagulopathy
coagulo/pathy (coagulation/disease)
coh-AG-yoo-LAW-pah-thee
any disease that deals with problems in blood coagulation
deep vein thrombosis
deep vein thromb/osis (deep vein clot/condition)
DEEP VAYN throm-BOH-sis
formation of a blood clot in a vein deep in the body, most commonly the leg
hemoglobinopathy
hemo/globino/pathy (blood/globe/disease)
HEE-maw-GLOH-bin-AW-pah-thee
disease of the hemoglobin
hypercoagulability
hyper/coagul/ability (over/coagulation/ability)
HAI-per-koh-AG-yoo-lah-BIL-ih-tee
increased ability of the blood to coagulate
immunocompromised
immuno/compromised (immune/compromised)
ih-MYOO-noh-COM-proh-MAIZD
having an immune system incapable of responding normally and completely to a pathogen or disease
immunodeficiency
immuno/deficiency (immune/deficiency)
ih-MYOO-noh-deh-FIH-shin-see
immune system with decreased or compromised response to disease-causing organisms
immunosuppression
immuno/suppression (immune/suppression)
ih-MYOO-noh-suh-PREH-shun
reduction in the activity of the body’s immune system
ischemia
isch/emia (hold back/blood condition)
ih-SKEE-mee-ah
blockage of the blood flow to an organ
phlebarteriectasia
phleb/arteri/ectasia (vein/artery/dilation)
FLEB-ar-TER-ee-ek-TAY-zhah
dilation of blood vessels
spherocytosis
sphero/cyt/osis (sphere/cell/condition)
SFEER-oh-sai-TOH-sis
condition in which red blood cells assume a spherical shape
thrombophlebitis
thrombo/phleb/itis (clot/vein/inflammation)
THROM-boh-fleh-BAI-tis
inflammation of vein caused by a clot
anemia
an/emia (no/blood comdition)
ah-NEE-mee-ah
reduced red blood cells
aplastic anemia
a/plas/tic an/emia (no/formation/pertaining to no/blood condition)
AY-plas-tik ah-NEE-mee-ah
anemia caused by red blood cells not being formed in sufficient quantities
hemolytic anemia
hemo/lytic an/emia (blood/breakdown no/blood condition)
HEE-moh-LIH-tik ah-NEE-mee-ah
anemia caused by inadequate iron intake
bilirubinemia
bili/rubin/emia (bile/red/blood condition
BIH-lee-ROO-bin-EE-mee-ah
presence of bilirubin in the blood
bilirubinemia
hyper/bili/rubin/emia (over/bile/red/blood condition
HAI-per-BIH-lee-ROO-bin-EE-mee-ah
excessive bilirubin in the blood
hypercholesterolemia
hyper/cholesterol/emia (over/cholesterol/blood condition)
HAI-per-koh-LES-ter-ol-EE-mee-ah
excessive cholesterol in the blood
hyperlipidemia
hyper/lipid/emia (over/fat/blood condition)
HAI-per-LIH-pid-EE-mee-ah
excessive fat in the blood
hypervolemia
hyper/vol/emia (over/volume/blood condition)
HAI-per-voh-LEE-mee-ah
increased blood volume
hypovolemia
hypo/vol/emia (under/volume/blood condition)
HAI-poh-voh-LEE-mee-ah
decreased blood volume
septicemia
septic/emia (rotting/blood condition)
SEP-tih-SEE-mee-ah
presence of disease-causing microorganisms in the blood
uremia
ur/emia (urine/blood condition)
yoo-REE-mee-ah
presence of urine in the blood
hepatosplenitis
hepato/splen/itis (liver/spleen/inflammation)
hih-PAT-oh-SPLEEN-ai-tis
inflammation of the liver and spleen
hypersplenism
hyper/splen/ism (over/spleen/condition)
HAI-per-SPLEEN-izm
increased spleen activity
lymphadenitis
lymph/aden/itis (lymph/gland/inflammation)
LIM-fad-eh-NAI-tis
inflammation of a lymph gland (node)
lymphangiectasia
lymph/angi/ectasia (lymph/vessel/dilation)
lim-FAN-jee-ek-TAY-zhah
dilation of a lymph vessel, normally noticed by swelling in the extremities
lymphangitis
lymph/ang/itis (lymph/vessel/inflammation)
LIM-fan-JAI-tis
inflammation of lymph vessels
mononucleosis
mono/nucle/osis (one/nucleus/condition)
MAW-noh-NOO-klee-OH-sis
condition characterized by an abnormally large number of mononuclear leukocytes
myelodysplasia
myelo/dys/plas/ia (bone marrow/bad/formation/condition)
MAI-el-oh-dis-PLAY-zhah
disease characterized by poor production of blood cells by the bone marrow
osteomyelitis
osteo/myel/itis (bone/bone marrow/inflammation)
AW-stee-oh-MAI-eh-LAI-tis
inflammation of bone and bone marrow
splenitis
splen/itis (spleen/inflammation)
splee-NAI-tis
inflammation of the spleen
splenopathy
spleno/pathy (spleen/disease)
splee-NAW-pah-thee
any disease of the spleen
splenorrhexis
spleno/rrhexis (spleen/rupture)
SPLEE-noh-REK-sis
rupture of the spleen
thymopathy
thymo/pathy (thymus/disease)
thai-MAW-pah-thee
disease of the thymus
tonsillitis
tonsill/itis (tonsil/inflammation)
TON-sil-AI-tis
inflammation of a tonsil
leukemia
leuk/emia (white/blood condition)
loo-KEE-mee-ah
cancer of the blood or bone marrow characterized by the abnormal increase in white blood cells
lymphoma
lymph/oma (lymph/tumor)
lim-FOH-mah
tumor originating in lymphocytes
myeloma
myel/oma (bone marrow/tumor)
MAI-eh-LOH-mah
cancerous tumor of the bone marrow; when the tumors are present in several bones, it is called multiple myeloma
thymoma
thym/oma (thymus/tumor)
thai-MOH-mah
tumor of the thymus
anticoagulant
anti/coagul/ant (against/coagulation/agent)
AN-tee-coh-AG-yoo-lant
drug that prevents the coagulation of blood
hemostatic
hemo/static (blood/standing)
HEE-moh-STAT-ik
drug that stops the flow of blood
thrombolytic
thrombo/lytic (clot/breakdown agent)
THROM-boh-LIH-tik
drug that breaks down blood clots
laparosplenectomy
laparo/splen/ectomy (abdomen/spleen/removal)
LAP-ah-roh-splee-NEK-toh-mee
surgical removal of the spleen through the abdomen
lymphadenectomy
lymph/aden/ectomy (lymph/gland/removal)
lim-FAD-eh-NEK-toh-mee
surgical removal of a lymph gland (node)
nephrosplenopexy
nephro/spleno/pexy (kidney/spleen/fixation)
NEF-roh-SPLEE-noh-PEK-see
surgical fixation of the spleen and a kidney
splenectomy
splen/ectomy (spleen/removal)
spleh-NEK-toh-mee
surgical removal of the spleen
thymectomy
thym/ectomy (thymus/removal)
thai-MEK-toh-mee
rsurgical removal of the thymus
tonsillectomy
tonsill/ectomy (tonsil/removal)
TON-sil-EK-toh-mee
surgical removal of a tonsil
apheresis
Greek for separation
AH-fer-EE-sis
general term for a process, similar to dialysis, that draws out a patient’s blood, removes something from it, then returns the rest of the blood to the patient’s body
cytapheresis
cyt/apheresis (cell/separation)
apheresis to remove cellular material
plasmapheresis
plasm/apheresis (plasma/separation)
PLAZ-mah-feh-REE-sis
apheresis to remove plasma
plateletpheresis
platelet/pheresis (platelet/separation)
PLAYT-let-feh-REE-sis
apheresis to remove platelets (for the purpose of donating them to patients in need of platelets)
transfusion
trans/fusion (across/pour)
tranz-FYOO-zhun
infusion into a patient of blood from another source
AIDS
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
ALL
acute lymphoblastic leukemia
AML
acute myeloid leukemia
BMT
bone marrow transplant
CBC
complete blood count
CML
chronic myeloid leukemia
DIC
disseminated intravascular coagulopathy
EBV
Epstein-Barr virus
ESR
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Hct
hematrocrit
Hgb
hemoglobin
HIV
human immunodeficiency virus
HSM
hepatosplenomegaly
HUS
hemolytic uremia syndrome
INR
international uremic syndrome
ITP
idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
IV
intravenous
IVIG
intravenous immunoglobin
LAD
lymphadenopathy
PLT
platelet count
PT
prothrombin time
PTT
partial thromboplastin time
RBC
red blood count; red blood cell
TTP
thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
WBC
white blood count; white blood cell
