Ch. 10: The Respiratory System - Pulmonology Flashcards
adenoid/o
adenoid
tonsill/o
tonsil
nas/o
rhin/o
nose
laryng/o
larynx (voice box)
pharyng/o
pharynx (throat)
trache/o
trachea (windpipe)
sept/o
septum (plural: septa)
sin/o
sinus/o
sinus
pneum/o
pneumat/o
pneumon/o
air or lungs
pulmon/o
lungs
lob/o
lobe
bronch/o
bronchi/o
bronchus (the main branches from the trachea into each lung)
bronchiol/o
bronchiole
alveol/o
alveolus (air sac)
stern/o
sternum (breastbone)
cost/o
rib
thorac/o
pector/o (pectus)
steth/o
chest
pleur/o
pleura (membrane surrounding the lungs)
phren/o
diaphragm (or brain: schizophrenia)
ox/o
oxygen
spir/o
-pnea
breathing
capn/o
carb/o
carbon dioxide
apnea
a/pnea (no/breathing)
AP-nee-ah
cessation of breathing
eupnea
eu/pnea (good/breathing)
YOOP-nee-ah
good or normal breathing
tachypnea
tachy/pnea (fast/breathing)
ta-KIP-nee-ah
rapid breathing
bradypnea
brady/pnea (slow/breathing)
brad-ip-NEE-ah
slow breathing
hypopnea
hypo/pnea (under/breathing)
hai-POP-nee-ah
shallow breathing
hyperpnea
hyper/pnea (over/breathing)
hai-perp-nee-ah
heavy breathing
dyspnea
dys/pnea (bad/breathing)
disp-NEE-ah
difficulty breathing
orthopnea
ortho/pnea (straight/breathing)
or-thop-NEE-ah
able to breathe only in an upright position
hyperventilation
hyper/ventil/ation (over/breathing/process)
hai-per-ven-ti-LAY-shun
overbreathing; the condition of having too much air flowing into and out of the lungs; leads to hypocapnia
hypoventilation
hypo/ventil/ation (under/breathing/process)
hai-po-ven-ti-LAY-shun
underbreathing; the condition of having too little air flowing into and out of the lungs; leads to hypercapnia
dysphonia
dys/phonia (bad/sound or voice)
dis-FON-ia
bad voice condition (also known as hoarseness)
epistaxis
Greek for to drip out or upon
ep-ee-STAKS-is
a nosebleed
rhinorrhagia
rhino/rrhagia (nose/excessive bleeding)
rai-no-RAY-jah
excessive blood flow from the nose (another term for a nosebleed)
rhinorrhea
rhino/rrhea (nose/discharge)
rai-no-REE-yah
runny nose
bronchospasm
broncho/spasm (bronchus/involuntary contraction)
BRON-ko-SPAZ-um
involuntary contraction of the diaphragm (also known as hiccups)
pleuralgia
pleurodynia
pleur/algia (pleura/pain) plur-AL-jah pleuro/dynia (pleura/pain) plur-oh-DIH-nee-ah pain in the pleura
thoracalgia
thorac/algia (chest/pain)
thor-a-KAL-jah
chest pain
bronchorrhea
broncho/rrhea (bronchus/discharge)
bron/koh-REE-ah
discharge from the bronchi
expectoration
ex/pector/ation (out/chest/process)
eks-pec-tor-A-shun
coughing or spitting material out of the lungs
hemoptysis
hemo/ptysis (blood/cough)
heem-op-TIS-is
coughing up blood
sputum
Latin for spit
SPYOO-tum
mucus discharge from the lungs by coughing
auscultation
Latin for to listen
ah-skul-TAY-shun
a health care professional using a stethoscope to listen to a patient’s chest
cyanosis
cyan/osis (blue/condition)
sai-an-O-sis
a bluish color in the skin caused by insufficient oxygen
pectoriloquy
pectori/loquy (chest/speak)
pek-tor-IH-low-kwee
speaking from the chest; used as a means of finding masses in the lung. A heath professional listening to a patient’s chest asks the patient to whisper a word. The word will be audible in the areas where fluid or a mass is present. Hence the chest “speaks” in those places.
pectus carinatum
pectus carinatum (chest keel)
PEK-tus car-ee-NAH-tum
a chest that protrudes like the keel of a ship
pectus excavatum
pectus ex/cavatum (chest out/hollowed)
PEK-tus eks-cuh-VAH-tum
a chest that is hollowed out
percussion
Latin for to strike
per-KUH-shun
striking the body surface (in this context, to cause vibrations that can help locate fluid buildup in the chest).
retraction
re/trac/tion (back/drag/process)
reh-TRAK-shun
the sucking in of the skin around bones during inhalation, happens when someone is in respiratory distress
atelectasis
a/tel/ectasis (not/complete/expansion)
ah-tel-EK-ta-sis
incomplete expansion
bronchiectasis
bronchi/ectasis (bronchus/expansion)
bron-key-EK-ta-sis
expansion of the bronchi
caseous necrosis
caseous necr/osis (cheeselike death/condition)
KAYZ-ee-us ne-CROW-sis
the death of tissue with a cheeselike appearance
chylothorax
chylo/thorax (chyle/chest)
kai-low-THOR-aks
chyle in the chest
chyle
is a milky bodily fluid formed in the small intestine during digestion of fatty foods and carried through the body via lymph vessels
empyema
em/py/ema (in/pus/condition)
em-pie-EE-mah
pus inside the chest
hemothorax
hemo/thorax (blood/chest)
heem-o-THOR-aks
blood in the chest
phrenoplegia
phreno/plegia (diaphragm/paralysis)
fre-no-PLEE-jah
paralysis of the diaphragm
phrenoptosis
pherno/ptosis (diaphragm/drooping)
fre-nop-TOE-sis
drooping of the diaphragm
pleural effusion
pleur/al ex/fusion (pleura/pertaining to out/pour)
PLUR-al ef-YOO-zhun
fluid pouring out into the pleura
pneumohemothorax
pneumo/hemo/thorax (air/blood/chest)
new-moh-hee-moh-THOR-aks
air and blood in the chest
pneumothorax
pneumo/thorax (air/chest)
new-moh-THOR-aks
air in the chest
pulmonary edema
pumon/ary edema (lung/pertaining to swelling)
pul-monAIR-ee ah-DEE-ma
swelling in the lungs