Ch. 4: Word Parts of the Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
-physis
growth
oste/o
bone
crani/o
head, skull
cervic/o
neck
spondyl/o
vertebra
lumb/o
loin, lower back
brachi/o
arm
dactyl/o
finger
carp/o
wrist
cost/o
rib
femor/o
femur (thighbone)
tibi/o
tibia (shinbone)
tars/o
ankle
chondr/o
cartilage
arthr/o
joint
burs/o
bursa (small fluid filled sac found near the body’s joints)
ten/o
tend/o
tendin/o
tendon (connective tissue connecting muscle to bone)
muscul/o
my/o
myos/o
muscle
fasci/o
fascia (fibrous connective tissue binding muscles together)
ton/o
tone, tension
kinesi/o
kinet/o
movement, motion
tax/o
arrangement, order, coordination
ankyl/o
stiff, bent
costalgia
cost/algia (rib/pain)
kaws-TAL-jah
rib pain
metatarsalgia
meta/tars/algia (after/ankle/pain)
meh-tah-tar-SAL-jah
pain in the bones of the foot
ostalgia
ost/algia (bone/pain)
aws-TAL-jah
bone pain
osteodynia
osteo/dynia (bone/pain)
aws-tee-oh-DIH-nee-ah
bone pain
spondylodynia
spondylo/dynia (vertebra/pain)
spawn-dih-loh-DIH-nee-ah
vertebra pain
tibialgia
tibi/algia (tibia/pain)
tih-bee-AL-ja
ankylosis
ankyl/osis (stiff/condition)
an-kih-LOH-sis
joint stiffness
arthralgia
arthr/algia (joint/pain)
ar-THRAL-jah
joint pain
arthrodynia
arthro/dynia (joint/pain)
ar-throh-DIH-nee-ah
joint pain
cervicodynia
cervico/dynia (neck/pain)
sir-vih-koh-DAI-nee-ah
neck pain
crepitation
Latin for rattle or creaking
kreh-pih-TAY-shun
a crackling sound heard in joints
genu valgum
genu valgum (knee pointed in)
JEH-noo VAL-gum
knock-kneed
genu varum
genu varum (knee bowed out)
JEH-noo VAH-rum
bowlegged
bradykinesia
brady/kinesia (slow/movement)
bray-dih-kih-NEE-zhah
slow movement
dyskinesia
dys/kinesia (bad/movement)
dis-kih-NEE-zhah
inability to control movement
dystaxia
dys/taxia (bad/coordination)
dis-TAK-see-uh
poor coordination
dystonia
dys/tonia (bad/muscle tone)
dis-TOH-nee-ah
poor muscle tone
graphospasm
grapho/spasm (write/involuntary contraction)
gra-foh-SPAZM
writer’s cramp
hyperkinesia
hyper/kinesia (over/movement)
hai-per-kih-NEE-zhah
increase in muscle movement or activity
hypertonia
hyper/tonia (over/tone)
hai-per-TOH-nee-yah
increased muscle tone or tightness
hypokinesia
hypo/kinesia (under/movement)
hai-poh-kih-NEE-zhah
decrease in muscle movement or activity
hypotonia
hypo/tonia (under/tone)
hai-poh-TOH-nee-ah
decrease in muscle tone or tightness
myalgia
my/algia (muscle/pain)
mai-AL-jah
muscle pain
myasthenia
my/asthenia (muscle/weakness)
mai-as-THEH-nee-ah
muscle weakness
myodynia
myo/dynia (muscle/pain)
mai-oh-DAI-nee-ah
muscle pain
myospasm
myo/spasm (muscle/involuntary contraction)
mai-oh-SPAZ-um
muscle spasm
tenalgia
ten/algia (tendon/pain)
ten-AL-jah
tendon pain
arthrocentesis
arthro/centesis (joint/puncture)
ar-throh-sin-TEE-sis
puncture of a joint
arthroscope
arthro/scope (joint/instrument to look)
AR-throh-skohp
instrument for looking into a joint
arthroscopy
arthro/scopy (joint/procedure to look)
ar-THRAW-skoh-pee
procedure of looking into a joint
electromyogram
electro/myo/gram (electricity/muscle/record)
eh-lek-troh-MAI-o-gram
a record of the electrical activity of a muscle
electromyography
electro/myo/graphy (electricity/muscle/writing procedure)
eh-LEK-troh-mai-AW-grah-fee
procedure for measuring the electrical activity of a muscle
myography
myo/graphy (muscle/writing procedure)
mai-AW-grah-fee
procedure for studying muscles
arthrogram
arthro/gram (joint/record)
AR-throh-gram
visual record of a joint
arthrography
arthro/graphy (joint/writing procedure)
ar-THRAW-grah-fee
procedure used to examine a joint
computed axial tomography (CAT or CT)
axi/al tomo/graphy (axis/pertaining to cut/writing procedure)
imaging procedure using a computer to produce cross sections along an axis
kyphosis
kyph/osis (bent/condition)
kai-FOH-sis
humped back; abnormal forward curvature of the upper spine
lordosis
lord/osis (bent backward/condition)
sway back; abnormal forward curvature of the lower spine
scoliosis
scoli/osis (crooked/condition)
SKOH-lee-OH-sis
crooked back; abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
carpitis
carp/itis (wrist/inflammation)
kar-PAI-tis
wrist inflammation
craniomalacia
cranio/malacia (skull/softening)
kray-nee-oh-mah-LAY-shah
softening of the skull
exostosis
ex/ost/osis (out/bone/condition)
eks-aws-TOH-sis
an abnormal growth of bone out of another bone
fracture
Latin for break
FRAK-shur
a bone break
osteodystrophy
osteo/dys/trophy (bone/bad/nourishment)
aws-tee-oh-DIH-stroh-fee
poor bone development
osetolysis
osteo/lysis (bone/loss)
aw-stee-AW-lih-sis
bone loss
osteonecrosis
osteo/necr/osis (bone/death/condition)
aw-stee-oh-nih-KROH-sis
death of bone
osteosclerosis
osteo/scler/osis (bone/hard/condition)
aw-stee-oh-skleh-ROH-sis
abnormal hardening of bone
polydactyly
poly/dactyl/y (many/finger/condition)
paw-lee-DAK-tih-lee
having more than the normal number of fingers (or toes)
spondylitis
spondyl/itis (vertebra/inflammation)
spawn-dih-LAI-tis
vertebra inflammation
spondylomalacia
spondylo/malacia (vertebra/softening)
spawn-dih-loh-mah-LAY-shah
softening of the vertebra
syndactyly
syn/dactyl/y (together/finger/condition)
sin-DAK-tih-lee
fusion (sometimes called webbing) of fingers (or toes)
tarsoptosis
tarso/ptosis (ankle/drooping)
tar-sawp-TOH-sis
flat feet
bursolith
burso/lith (bursa/stone)
BIR-soh-lith
a stone in a bursa
effusion
ef/fusion (out/pour)
ee-FYOO-zhun
fluid buildup
hemarthrosis
hem/arthr/osis (blood/joint/condition)
hee-mar-THROH-sis
blood in a joint
hydrarthrosis
hydr/arthr/osis (water/joint/condition)
hai-drar-THROH-sis
water (fluid) in a joint
pyarthrosis
py/arthr/osis (pus/joint/condition)
pai-ar-THROH-sis
pus in a joint
atrophy
a/trophy (no/nourishment)
A-troh-fee
underdevelopment, decrease, or loss of muscle tissue
hypertrophy
hyper/trophy (over/nourishment)
hai-PER-troh-fee
overdevelopment of muscle tissue
myocele
myo/cele (muscle/hernia)
MAI-oh-seel
hernia of muscle tissue
myolysis
myo/lysis (muscle/loss)
mai-AW-lih-sis
loss of muscle tissue
myomalacia
myo/malacia (muscle/softening)
mai-oh-mah-LAY-shah
softening of the muscle
myosclerosis
myo/scler/osis (muscle/hard/condition)
mai-oh-skleh-ROH-sis
hardening of a muscle
myotasis
myo/tasis (muscle/expansion)
mai-AW-tah-sis
stretching of a muscle
myotonia
myo/tonia (muscle/tone)
mai-oh-TOH-nee-ah
muscle tone
ankylosing spondylitis
ankylos/ing spondyl/itis (stiffen/causing vertebra/inflammation)
an-kih-LOH-sing spawn-dih-LAI-tis
a stiffening inflammation of the vertebrae
chondro-osteodystrophy
chondro/osteo/dys/trophy (cartilage/bone/bad/nourishment)
KAWN-droh-AW-stee-oh-DIH-stroh-fee
poor development of bones and cartilage
craniosynostosis
cranio/syn/ost/osis (skull/together/bone/condition)
KRAY-nee-oh-SIN-aw-STOH-sis
the premature fusing of the skull bones
dactylitis
dactyl/itis (finger/inflammation)
DAK-tih-LAI-tis
finger inflammation
hypertrophic spondylitis
hyper/trophic spondyl/itis (over/nourishment vertebra/inflammation)
HAI-per-TROH-fik spon-dih-LAI-tis
overdevelopment of the vertebrae causing inflammation
osteitis
oste/itis (bone/inflammation)
AW-stee-AI-tis
bone inflammation
osteochondritis
osteo/chondr/itis (bone/cartilage/inflammation)
AW-stee-oh-kon-DRAI-tis
inflammation of bone and cartilage
osteogenesis imperfecta
osteo/genesis im/perfecta (bone/creation not/complete)
AW-stee-oh-JIN-eh-sis IM-per-FEK-tah
a disease in which the bones do not develop correctly, also known as brittle bone disease
osteomalacia
osteo/malacia (bone/softening)
AW-stee-oh-mah-LAY-shah
softening of the bone
osteomyelitis
osteo/myel/itis (bone/marrow/inflammation)
AW-stee-oh-MAI-eh-LAI-tis
inflammation of the bone and bone marrow
osteopathy
osteo/pathy (bone/disease)
AW-stee-AW-pah-thee
bone disease
osteopenia
osteo/penia (bone/deficiency)
AW-stee-oh-PEE-nee-yah
reduction in bone volume
osteoporosis
osteo/por/osis (bone/pore/condition)
AW-stee-oh-por-OH-sis
loss of bone density
spinal stenosis
spinal sten/osis (spinal narrow/condition)
SPAI-nal stih-NOH-sis
abnormal narrowing of the spine
spondyloarthropathy
spondylo/arhtro/pathy (vertebra/joint/disease)
SPAWN-dih-loh-ar-THRAW-pah-thee
joint disease of the vertebrae
spondylolisthesis
spondylo/listhesis (vertebra/slipping)
SPAWN-dih-loh-lis-THEE-sis
the slipping or dislocation of a vertebra
spondylolysis
spondylo/lysis (vertebra/loss)
SPAWN-dih-LO-li-sis
loss of vertebra structure
spondylosis
spondyl/osis (vertebra/condition)
SPAWN-dih-LOH-sis
vertebra condition
arthritis
arthr/itis (joint/inflammation)
ar-THRAI-tis
joint inflammation
rheumatoid arthritis
rheumat/oid arthr/itis (rheumatic fever/resembling joint/inflammation)
ROO-mah-toyd ar-THRAI-tis
inflammation of the joints; it is called rheumatoid because its symptoms resemble those of rheumatic fever
septic arthritis
septic arhtr/itis (rotting joint/inflammation)
SEP-tik ar-THRAI-tis
inflammation of the joint caused by infection
osteoarhtritis
osteo/arthr/itis (bone/joint/inflammation)
AW-stee-oh-ar-THRAI-tis
inflammation of the joints, specifically those that bear weight
arhtrocele
arthro/cele (joint/hernia)
AR-throh-seel
hernia of a joint
arthrodysplasia
arthro/dys/plasia (joint/bad/formation)
AR-throh-dis-PLAY-zhah
abnormal joint development
arthropathy
arthro/pathy (joint/disease)
ar-THRAW-pah-thee
joint disease
arthrosclerosis
arthro/scler/osis (joint/hard/condition)
AR-throh-skleh-ROH-sis
hardening of the joints
bursitis
burs/itis (bursa/inflammation)
bur-SAI-tis
inflammation of the bursa
bursopathy
burso/pathy (bursa/disease)
bur-SAW-pah-thee
disease of the bursa
subluxation
sub/luxation (beneath/dislocation)
sub-luk-SAY-shun
partial dislocation of a joint
achondroplasia
a/chondro/plasia (no/cartilage/formation)
AY-kawn-droh-PLAY-zhah
a defect in the formation of cartilage
chondromalacia
chondro/malacia (cartilage/softening)
KAWN-droh-mah-LAY-shah
abnormal softening of the cartilage
costochondritis
costo/chondr/itis (rib/cartilage/inflammation)
KAW-stoh-kawn-DRAI-tis
inflammation of the cartilage of the rib
faciitis
fasci/itis (fascia/inflammation)
FA-shee-AI-tis
inflammation of the fascia
muscular dystrophy
muscul/ar dys/trophy (muscle/pertaining to bad/nourishment)
MUS-kyoo-lar DIS-troh-fee
disorder characterized by poor muscle development
myoclonus
myo/clonus (muscle/turmoil)
MAI-oh-KLAWN-us
violent muscle contraction
myopathy
myo/pathy (muscle/disease)
mai-AW-pah-thee
muscle disease
myasthenia
my/asthenia (muscle/weakness)
MAI-as-THEE-nee-ah
muscle weakness
myofasciitis
myo/fasc/itis (muscle/fascia/inflmmation)
MAI-oh-FA-shee-AI-tis
inflammation of the muscle and fascia
myositis
myos/itis (muscle/inflammation)
MAI-oh-SAI-tis
muscle inflammation
necrotizing fasciitis
necrot/izing fasci/itis (death/causing fascia/inflammation)
NEH-kroh-TAI-zing FA-shee-AI-tis
inflammation of the fascia, causing the death of tissue
polymyositis
poly/myos/itis (many/muscle/inflammation)
PAW-lee-MAI-oh-SAI-tis
inflammation of multiple muscles
tardive dyskinesia
tardive dys/kinesia (slow bad/movement)
TAR-div DIS-kin-EE-zhah
condition characterized by the loss of muscle control
tendinitis
tendonitis
tendin/itis tendon/itis (tendon/inflammation) TEN-dih-NAI-tis TEN-dah-NAI-tis tendon inflammation
chondroma
chondr/oma (cartilage/tumor)
kawn-DROH-mah
a muscle tumor
myoma
my/oma (muscle/tumor)
mai-OH-mah
a muscle tumor
myosarcoma
myo/sarc/oma (muscle/flesh/tumor)
MAI-oh-sar-KOH-mah
a cancerous muscle tumor
osteocarcinoma
osteo/carcin/oma (bone/cancer/tumor)
AW-stee-oh-KAR-sih-NOH-mah
bone cancer tumor
osteochondroma
osteo/chondr/oma (bone/cartilage/tumor)
AW-stee-oh-kon-DROH-mah
a tumore made up of bone and cartilage, also known as an exostosis made up of cartilage
osteosarcoma
osteo/sarc/oma (bone/flesh/tumor)
AW-stee-oh-sar-KOH-mah
cancerous tumor arising out of bone cells
analgesic
an/alge/sic (no/pain/agent)
A-nal-JEE-zik
a drug that relieves pain
antiarthritic
anti/arthri/tic (against/joint (pain)/agent)
AN-tee-ar-THRIH-tik
a drug that opposes joint inflammation
anti-inflammatory
anti/inflammatory (against/inflammation)
AN-tee-in-FLA-mah-TOR-ee
a drug that opposes inflammation
antipyretic
anti/pyre/tic (against/fever/agent)
AN-tee-pir-ih-tik
a drug that opposes fever
carpectomy
carp/ectomy (wrist/removal)
kar-PEK-toh-mee
removal of all or part of the wrist
costectomy
cost/ectomy (rib/removal)
kaws-TEK-toh-mee
removal of a rib
craniectomy
crani/ectomy (skull/removal)
KARY-nee-EK-toh-mee
removal of a portion of the skull
craniotomy
cranio/tomy (skull/incision)
KRAY-nee-AW-toh-mee
removal of a portion of the skull
external fixation
external fix/ation (outside fix/procedure)
EKS-tir-nal fik-SAY-shun
the fixation of a fractured bone from the outside (cast, splint, stabilizer)
internal fixation
internal fix/ation (inside fix/procedure)
IN-tir-nal fik-SAY-shun
the fixation of a fractured bone from the inside (screws, pins, plates)
closed reduction
closed re/duc/tion (closed back/lead/procedure)
klohzd ree-DUK-shun
returning bones to their proper position without the use of surgery
open reduction
open re/duc/tion (open back/lead/procedure)
OH-pen ree-DUK-shun
returning bones to their proper position through the use of surgery
metacarpectomy
meta/carp/ectomy (after/wrist/removal)
MEH-tah-kar-PEK-toh-mee
removal of a bone in the hand
orthotics
ortho/tics (straight/agent)
or-THAW-tiks
a device that aids in the straightening or stabilizing of a part of the body
ostectomy
ost/ectomy (bone/removal)
aws-TEK-toh-mee
removal of a bone
osteectomy
oste/ectomy (bone/removal)
aws-tee-EK-toh-mee
removal of a bone
osteoclasia
osteo/clasia (bone/breaking)
AWS-tee-oh-KLAY-zhah
the surgical breaking of a bone (often done to remedy a deformity)
osteoplasty
osteo/plasty (bone/reconstruction)
AWS-tee-oh-PLAS-tee
reconstruction of a bone
osteotomy
osteo/tomy (bone/incision) AWS-tee-AW-toh-mee
incision into a bone
prosthesis
pros/thesis (toward/place)
praws-THEE-sis
a device that is added to a body to replace a missing part or lost function
spondylosyndesis
spondylo/syn/desis (vertebra/together/binding)
SPAWN-dih-loh-sin-DEE-sis
fusing together of multiple vertebrae
sternotomy
sterno/tomy (sternum/incision)
stir-NAW-toh-mee
incision into the sternum
tarsectomy
tars/ectomy (ankle/removal)
tar-SEK-toh-mee
removal of all or a portion of the ankle
tarsoclasia
tarso/clasia (ankle/breaking)
TAR-soh-KLAY-zhah
surgical fracture of the ankle (i.e. to treat clubfoot)
arthrectomy
arhtr/ectomy (joint/removal)
ar-THREK-toh-mee
removal of a joint
arthroclasia
arthro/clasia (joint/breaking)
AR-throh-KLAY-zhah
the therapeutic breaking of a joint to allow for increased mobility
arthrodesis
arthro/desis (joint/binding)
AR-throh-DEE-sis
surgical fixation of a joint
arthrolysis
arthro/lysis (joint/loose)
ar-THRAW-lih-sis
loosening a stiff joint
arthroplasty
arthro/plasty (joint/reconstruction)
AR-throh-PLAS-tee
reconstruction of a joint
arthrotomy
arthro/tomy (joint/incision)
ar-THRAW-toh-mee
incision into a joint
bursectomy
burs/ectomy (bursa/removal)
bir-SEK-toh-mee
removal of a bursa
bursotomy
burso/tomy (bursa/incision)
bir-SAW-toh-mee
incision into a bursa
chondrectomy
chondr/ectomy (cartilage/removal)
kawn-DREK-toh-mee
removal of cartilage
chondroplasty
chondro/plasty (cartilage/reconstruction)
KAWN-droh-PLAS-tee
reconstruction of cartilage
fasciectomy
fasci/ectomy (fascia/removal)
FA-shee-EK-toh-mee
removal of fascia
fasciodesis
fascio/desis (fascia/binding)
FA-shoh-DEE-sis
binding of fascia
fascioplasty
fascio/plasty (fascia/reconstruction)
FA-shoh-PLAS-tee
reconstruction of fascia
fasciorrhaphy
fascio/rrhaphy (fascia/suture)
fah-SHOR-ah-fee
suturing of fascia
fasciotomy
fascio/tomy (fascia/incision)
FA-shee-AW-toh-mee
incision into fascia
myectomy
my/ectomy (muscle/removal)
mai-EK-toh-mee
removal of muscle
myodesis
myo/desis (muscle/binding)
MAI-oh-DEE-sis
binding of a muscle
myomectomy
my/om/ectomy (muscle/tumor/removal)
MAI-oh-MEK-toh-mee
removal of a muscle tumor
myoplasty
myo/plasty (muscle/reconstruction)
MAI-oh-PLAS-tee
muscle reconstruction
myorrhaphy
myo/rrhaphy (muscle/suture)
mai-OR-ah-fee
muscle suture
myotomy
myo/tomy (muscle/incision)
mai-AW-toh-mee
incision into muscle
tendectomy
tend/ectomy (tendon/removal)
ten-DEK-toh-mee
removal of a tendon
tendoplasty
tendo/plasty (tendon/reconstruction)
TEN-doh-PLAS-tee
reconstruction of a tendon
tenodesis
teno/desis (tendon/binding)
TEN-oh-DEE-sis
binding of a tendon
tenolysis
teno/lysis (tendon/loose)
ten-AW-;ih-sis
freeing/loosening a tendon
tenonectomy
tenon/ectomy (tendon/removal)
TEN-oh-NEK-toh-mee
removal of a tendon
tenoplasty
teno/plasty (tendon/reconstruction)
TEN-oh-PLAS-tee
reconstruction of a tendon
tenorrhaphy
teno/rrhaphy (tendon/suture)
ten-OR-ah-fee
suture of a tendon
tenotomy
teno/tomy (tendon/incision)
ten-AW-toh-mee
incision into a tendon
Hx
history
Fx
fracture
Tx
traction or treatment
ACL
anterior cruciate ligament
MCL
medial collateral ligament
LCL
lateral collateral ligament
PCL
posterior cruciate ligament
C1-C7
cervical (of the neck) vertebrae
T1-T12
thoracic (of the chest) vertebrae
L1-L5
lumbar (of the loin) vertebrae
S1-S5
sacral vertebrae
DTR
deep tendon reflexes
EMG
electromyogram
FROM
full range of motion
NSAID
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
OA
osteoarthritis
ORIF
open reduction internal fixation
PT
physical therapy
RA
rheumatoid arthritis
RICE
rest, ice, compression, elevation
ROM
range of motion
WB
weight bearing
WBAT
weight bearing as tolerated
