Ch. 7: Word Parts of the Endocrine System Flashcards
aden/o
gland
adren/o
adrenal/o
adrenal gland
cortic/o
outer surface
gonad/o
gonads (sex organs)
pancreat/o
pancreas
pituitar/o
hypophys/o
pituitary gland
thym/o
thymus
an organ found in the upper chest, under the sternum and in front of the heart
thyr/o
thyroid/o
thyroid
gluc/o
glucos/o
glyc/o
sugar
crin/o
to secrete
hormon/o
hormone
ket/o
ketone body
-tropin
stimulating hormone
-emia
blood condition
-uria
urine condition
adenalgia
aden/algia (gland/pain)
AD-eh-NAL-jah
pain in the gland
adrenal virilism
adrenal viril/ism (adrenal man/condition)
ad-REE-nal VIR-il-izm
development of male secondary sexual characteristics caused by excessive secretion of the adrenal gland
adrenarche
adren/arche (adrenal/beginning)
AD-ren-AR-kay
beginning of adrenal secretion (at puberty)
hirsutism
Latin for shaggy
HIR-soo-tizm
excessive growth of facial and body hair in women
amenorrhea
a/meno/rrhea (no/menstrual/flow)
ah-MEN-or-REE-ah
lack of menstrual flow
gynecomastia
gyneco/mast/ia (woman/breast/condition)
GAI-neh-koh-MAS-tee-ah
development of breast tissue in males
hypergonadism
hyper/gonad/ism (over/gonad/condition)
HAI-per-GOH-nad-izm
condition in which there is excessive secretion of the sex glands
hypogonadism
hypo/gonad/ism (under/gonad/condition)
HAI-poh-GOH-nad-izm
condition in which there is undersecretion of the sex glands
menarche
men/arche (menstrual beginning)
MEN-ar-kee
beginning or first menstruation
thelarche
thel/arche (breast/beginning)
thee-LAR-kee
beginning of breast development
hypoglycemic
hypo/glyc/em/ic (under/sugar/blood/pertaining to)
HAY-poh-glai-SEE-mik
pertaining to low blood sugar
pancreatalgia
pancreat/algia (pancreas/pain)
PAN-kree-ah-TAL-jah
pain in the pancreas
polydipsia
poly/dips/ia (many/thirst/condition)
PAW-lee-DIP-see-ah
excessive thirst
polyphagia
poly/phag/ia (many/eat/condition)
PAW-lee-FAY-jah
excessive eating
polyuria
poly/uria (many/urine)
PAW-lee-YOO-ree-ah
excessive urination
acromegaly
acro/megaly (extremeties/enlargement)
AK-roh-MEH-gah-lee
abnormal enlargement of the extremities
galactorrhea
galacto/rrhea (milk/discharge)
gah-LAK-toh-REE-ah
discharge of milk
pituitary dawrfism
pituitary dwarfism
pih-TOO-ih-TER-ee DWAR-fizm
abnormally short height caused by undersecretioi of growth hormone from the pituitary gland
pituitary gigantism
pituitary gigantism
pih-TOO-ih-TER-ee jai-GAN-tizm
abnormally tall height caused by oversecretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland
exophthalmos
ex/ophthalmos (out/eye)
EKS-of-THAL-mohs
protrusion of the eye out of the socket
goiter
Latin for gutter (throat)
GOY-ter
swollen thyroid gland
thryocele
thyro/cele (thyroid/hernia)
THAI-roh-seel
another name for goiter
thyromegaly
thyro/megaly (thyroid/enlargement)
THAI-roh-MEH-gah-lee
enlargement of the thyroid
thyroptosis
thyro/ptosis (thyroid/drooping)
THAI-rop-TOH-sis
downward drooping condition
acidemia
acid/emia (acid/blood condition)
A-sih-DEE-mee-ah
alkalemia
alkal/emia (alkali/blood condition)
AL-kah-LEE-mee-ah
abnormal alkalinity (opposite of acidity) of the blood
calciuria
calci/uria (calcium/urine condition)
CAL-sih-YOO-ree-ah
calcium in the urine
chloremia
chlor/emia (chloride/blood condition)
klor-EE-mee-ah
increased chloride in the blood
euglycemia
eu/glyc/emia (good/sugar/blood condition)
YOO-glai-SEE-mee-ah
good blood sugar
glucosuria
glucos/uria (sugar/urine condition)
GLOO-koh-SOO-ree-ah
sugar in the urine
hypercalcemia
hyper/calc/emia (over/calcium/blood condition)
HAI-per-kal-SEE-mee-ah
excessive calcium in the blood
hypercholesterolemia
hyper/cholesterol/emia (over/cholesterol/blood condition)
HAI-per-koh-LES-ter-aw-LEE-mee-ah
excessive cholesterol in the blood
hyperglycemia
hyper/glyc/emia (over/sugar/blood condition)
HAI-per-glai-SEE-mee-ah
high blood sugar
hyperkalemia
hyper/kal/emia (over/potassium/blood condition)
HAI-per-kah-LEE-mee-ah
excessive potassium in the blood
hyperlipidemia
hyper/lipid/emia (over/fat/blood condition)
HAI-per-ih-pih-DEE-mee-ah
excessive fat in the blood
hypernatremia
hyper/natr/emia (over/sodium/blood condition)
HAI-per-nah-TREE-mee-ah
excessive sodium in the blood
hyperphosphatemia
hyper/phosphat/emia (over/phosphate/blood condition)
HAI-per-FAWS-fay-TEE-mee-ah
excessive phosphate in the blood
hypoglycemia
hypo/glyc/emia (under/sugar/blood condition)
HAI-poh-glai-SEE-mee-ah
low blood sugar
ketonuria
keton/uria (ketone/urine condition)
KEE-toh-NYOO-ree-ah
ketone bodies in the urine
polyuria
poly/uria (excessive/urine condition)
PAW-lee-YOO-ree-ah
excessive urination
uremia
ur/emia (urine/blood condition)
yoo-REE-mee-ah
presence of urinary waste in the blood
adrenaline
ad/renal/ine (on/kidney/chemical)
ad-REN-ah-lin
hormone secreted by the adrenal gland
epinephrine
epi/nephr/ine (upon/kidney/chemical)
EH-pee-NEF-rin
hormone secreted by the adrenal gland
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
adreno/cortico/trop/ic (adrenal/cortex/stimulating/pertaining to)
ah-DreH-noh-KOR-tih-koh-TROH-pik HOR-mohn
hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that stimulates the cortex of the adrenal gland
corticotropin
cortico/tropin (cortex/stimulating)
KOR-tih-koh-TROH-pin
shorter name for adrenocorticotropic hormone
glucagon
gluc/agon (sugar/lead)
GLOO-kah-gawn
hormone secreted by the pancreas that stimulates the liver to increase blood sugar levels
glucocorticoid
gluco/cortic/oid (sugar/cortex/resembling)
GLOO-koh-KOR-tih-koyd
hormone produced by the adrenal cortex with a role in carbohydrate metabolism
gonadotropin
gonado/tropin (gonad/strimulating)
goh-NAD-oh-TROH-pin
hormone that stimulates the gonads
insulin
insul/in (island/chemical)
IN-suh-lin
hormone secreted by the pancreas that controls the metabolism and uptake of sugar and fats
thyrotropin
thyro/tropin (thyroid/stimulating)
THAI-roh-TROH-pin
hormone that stimulates the thyroid
adenomegaly
adrenomegaly
adeno/megaly (gland/enlargement) ah-DEN-oh-MEH-gah-lee adreno/megaly (gland/enlargement) ad-REN-oh-MEH-gah-lee abnormal enlargement of a gland
euthyroid
eu/thyroid (good/thyroid)
YOO-thai-royd
normal functioning thyroid
gluconeogenesis
gluco/neo/genesis (sugar/new/formation)
GLOO-koh-NEE-oh-JIN-eh-sis
formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources
glycolysis
glyco/lysis (sugar/loosen)
glai-KAW-lih-sis
breakdown of sugar
glycopenia
glyco/penia (sugar/deficiency)
GLAI-koh-PEE-nee-ah
deficiency of sugar
gonadogenesis
gonado/genesis (gonad/formation)
goh-NAD-oh-JIN-eh-sis
creation/development of gonads
metabolism
meta/bol/ism (over/throw/condition)
meh-TAB-oh-LIZM
breakdown of matter into energy
endocrine
endo/crine (inside/secretion)
EN-doh-krin
to secrete internally (into the bloodstream)
endocrinologist
endo/crino/logist (inside/secretion/specialist)
EN-doh-krih-NAW-loh-jist
specialist in internal secretions
exocrine
exo/crine (outside/secretion)
EKS-oh-krin
to secrete externally (through ducts to the surface of an organ; sweat glands and salivary glands)
glycemic index
glyc/em/ic (sugar/blood/pertaining to)
glai-SEE-mik IN-deks
ranking of food based on the way it affects sugar levels in the blood
ketogenesis
keto/genesis (ketone/creation)
KEE-toh-JIN-eh-sis
creation of ketone bodies
thyroid function tests
thyroid function tests
THAI-roid FUNK-shun TESTS
tests performed to evaluate the function of the thyroid
cholangiopancreatography
chol/angio/pancreato/graphy (bile/vessel/pancreas/writing procedure)
KOHL-AN-jee-oh-PAN-kree-ah-TAW-grah-fee
procedure used to examine the bile ducts and pancreas
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
endo/scop/ic retro/grade chol/angio/pancreato/graphy (inside/looking/pertaining to backward/step bile/vessel/pancreas/writing procedure)
EN-doh SKAW-pik REH-troh-GRAYD KOHL-AN-jee-oh-PAN-kree-ah-TAW-grah-fee
procedure used to examine the bile ducts and pancreas in which an endoscope is passed backward from the digestive tract into the bile duct
adenitis
aden/itis (gland/inflammation)
AD-en-AI-tis
inflammation of a gland
adenopathy
adeno/pathy (gland/disease)
AD-eh-NOP-ah-thee
gland disease
adenosis
aden/osis (gland/condition)
AD-en-OH-sis
gland condition
dysmetabolic syndrome
dys/metabolic syn/drome (bad/metabolism together/running)
DIS-meh-tah-BAW-lik SIN-drohm
combination of medical disorders associated with faulty metabolism
ketosis
ket/osis (ketone body/condition)
kee-TOH-sis
condition characterized by elevated levels of ketone bodies in the blood
polyadenopathy
poly/adeno/pathy (many/gland/disease)
PAW-lee-AD-eh-NOP-ah-thee
disease involving many glands
adrenal insufficiency
adrenal in/sufficiency (adrenal not/adequate)
ad-REE-nal IN-suh-FIH-shun-see
condition in which the adrenal glands underproduce necessary hormones
adenalitis
adrenal/itis (adrenal/inflammation)
ad-REE-nah-LAI-tis
inflammation of the adrenal gland
adrenocortical insufficiency
adreno/cortic/al in/sufficiency (adrenal/cortex/pertaining to not/adequate)
ad-REE-noh-KOR-tih-kal IN-suh-FIH-shun-see
condition in which the adrenal cortex underproduces necessary hormones
adrenocorticohyperplasia
adreno/cortico/hyper/plasia (adrenal/cortex/over/formation)
ad-REE-noh-KOR-tih-koh-HAI-per-PLAY-zhah
overdevelopment of the cortex of the adrenal gland
congenital adrenal hyperplasia
con/genit/al adrenal hyper/plasia (with/birth/pertaining to adrenal over/formation)
kon-JEN-ih-tal ad-REE-nal HAI-per-PLAY-zhah
genetic disease in which the adrenal gland is overdeveloped resulting in a deficiency of certain hormones and an overproduction of others
diabetes mellitus
diabetes mellitus (pass through honey) DAI-ah-BEE-teez MEH-lih-tis metabolic disease characterized by excessive urination and hyperglycemia
diabetic ketoacidosis
diabet/ic keto/acid/osis (diabetes/pertaining to ketone/acid/condition)
DAI-ah-BEH-tik KEE-toh-ASS-ih-DOH-sis
acidity of the blood caused by the presence of ketone bodies produced when the body is unable to burn sugar; thus, it must burn fat for energy
pancreatic pseudocyst
pancreat/ic pseudo/cyst (pancreas/pertaining to false/cyst)
PAN-kree-at-il SOO-doh-sist
abnormally expanded area in the pancreas resembling a cyst
pancreatitis
pancreat/itis (pancreas/inflammation)
PAN-kree-ah-TAI-tis
inflammation of the pancreas
pancreatolith
pancreato/lith (pancreas/stone)
PAN-kree-AT-oh-lith
stone in the pancreas
pancreatolithiasis
pancreato/lith/iasis (pancreas/stone/presence)
PAN-kree-at-oh-lih-THAI-ah-sis
presence of a stone in the pancreas
hyperpituitarism
hyper/pituitar/ism (over/pituitary/condition)
HAI-per-pih-TOO-ih-tar-IZM
overfunctioning of the pituitary gland
hypophysitis
hypophys/itis (pituitary/inflammation)
hai-PAWF-ih-SAI-tis
inflammation of the pituitary gland
hypopituitarism
hypo/pituitar/ism (under/pituitary/condition)
HAI-poh-pih-TOO-ih-tar-IZM
condition cause by the undersecretion of the pituitary gland
panhypopituitarism
pan/hypo/pituitar/ism (all/under/pituitary/condition)
PAN-HAI-poh-pih-TOO-ih-tar-IZM
defective or absent function of the entire pituitary gland
pituitary infarction
pituitary in/farc/tion (pituitary in/stuff/condition)
pih-TOO-ih-TEH-ree in-FARK-shun
death of the pituitary gland
hyperparathyroidism
hyper/para/thyroid/ism (over/beside/thyroid/condition)
HAI-per-PAR-ah-THAI-roid-IZM
overproduction by the parathyroid glands
hyperthyroidism
hyper/thyroid/ism (over/thyroid/condition)
HAI-per-THAI-roid-IZM
overproduction by the thyroid
hypoparathyroidism
hypo/para/thyroid/ism (under/beside/thyroid/condition)
HAI-poh-PAR-ah-THAI-roid-IZM
underproduction by the parathyroid
hypothyroidism
hypo/thyroid/ism (under/thyroid/condition)
HAI-poh-THAI-roid-IZM
underproduction by the thyroid
thyroiditis
thyroid/itis (thyroid/inflammation)
THAI-roid-AI-tis
inflammation of the thyroid
thyrotoxicosis
thyro/toxic/osis (thyroid/poison/condition)
THAI-roh-TOKS-ih-KOH-sis
condition caused by the exposure of body tissue to excessive levels of thyroid hormone (an extreme version of this is known as “thyroid storm”)
adenocarcinoma
adeno/carcin/oma (gland/cancer/tumor)
ad-EN-oh-KAR-sih-NOH-mah
cancerous tumor of a gland
adenoma
aden/oma (gland/tumor)
AD-eh-NOH-mah
glandular tumor
adrenal adenoma
adrenal aden/oma (adrenal gland/tumor)
ad-REE-nal AD-eh-NOH-mah
tumor of the adrenal gland
adrenocortical carcinoma
adreno/cortic/al carcin/oma (adrenal/cortex/pertaining to cancer/tumor)
ad-REE-noh-KOR-tih-kal KAR-sih-NOH-mah
cancerous tumor originating in the cortex of the adrenal gland
insulinoma
insulin/oma (insulin/tumor)
IN-suh-lih-NOH-mah
tumor that secretes insulin (found in the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas)
parathyroidoma
para/thyroid/oma (beside/thyroid/tumor)
PAR-ah-THAI-roid-OH-mah
tumor of the parathyroid
pituitary adenoma
pituitary aden/oma (pituitary gland/tumor)
pih-TOO-ih-TEH-ree AD-eh-NOH-mah
tumor on the pituitary gland
thymoma
thym/oma (thymus/tumor)
thai-MOH-mah
tumor of the thymus
continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion
continuous sub/cutaenous insulin in/fus/ion (continuous beneath/skin insulin in/pour/procuss)
kun-TIN-yoo-us SUB-koo-TAY-nee-us IN-suh-lin in-FYOO-zhun
continuous injection of insulin into the blood from a pump inserted under the skin
thyroidotoxin
thyroido/toxin (thyroid/poison)
thai-ROID-oh-TOK-sin
substance poisonous to the thyroid gland
adenectomy
aden/ectomy (gland/removal)
AD-eh-NEK-toh-mee
removal of a gland
ketogenic diet
keto/genic diet (ketone/generation)
KEE-toh-JIN-ik DAI-et
diet that aids in the production of ketones in the body
thymectomy
thym/ectomy (thymus/removal)
thai-MEK-toh-mee
removal of the thymus
adrenalectomy
adrenal/ectomy (adrenal/removal)
ad-REE-nal-EK-toh-mee
renoval of the adrenal gland
laparoscopic adrenalectomy
laparo/scop/ic adrenal/ectomy (abdomen/looking/pertaining to adrenal/removal)
LAP-ah-roh-SKAW-pik ad-REE-nal-EK-toh-mee
removal of an adrenal gland by means of a laparoscope (instrument inserted into the abdomen for viewing)
pancreatectomy
pancreat/ectomy (pancreas/removal)
PAN-kree-ah-TEK-toh-mee
removal of the pancreas
pancreatolithectomy
pancreat/lith/ectomy (pancreas/stone/removal)
PAN-kree-ah-toh-lih-THEK-toh-mee
removal of a stone in the pancreas
hypophysectomy
hypophys/ectomy (pituitary/removal)
hai-POF-is-EK-toh-mee
removal of the pituitary gland
parathyroidectomy
para/thyroid/ectomy (beside/thyroid/removal)
PAR-ah-THAI-roid-EK-toh-mee
removal of the parathyroid
thyroidectomy
thyroid/ectomy (thyroid/removal)
THAI-roid-EK-toh-mee
removal of the thyroid
thyroidotomy
thyroido/tomy (thyroid/incision)
THAI-roid-AW-toh-mee
incision into the thyroid
thyroparathyroidectomy
thyro/para/thyroid/ectomy (thyroid/beside/thyroid/removal)
THAI-roh-PAR-ah-THAI-roid-EK-toh-me
removal of the thyroid and parathyroid glands
ACTH
adrenocorticotropic hormone
BS
blood sugar
CGM
continuous glucose monitor
DI
diabetes insipidus
DM
diabetes mellitus
ERCP
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
FBS
fasting blood sugar
GDM
gestational diabetes mellitus
GH
growth hormone
GTT
glucose tolerance test
HgA1C
hemoglobin A1C test (used by diabetes patients to monitor blood sugar levels)
HRT
hormone replacement therapy
TFT
thyroid funtion test
TSH
thyroid-stimulating hormone (also known as thyrotopin)
T3
triiodothyronine (one of two primary hormones produced by the thyroid)
T4
thyroxine (one of two primary hormones produced by the thyroid)
