Ch9: Six Sigma Flashcards
six sigma (3)
- measure of quality that strives near perfection
- developed by motorola quality manager
- overall strategy to accelerate improvements in processes and services
sigma
refers to standard deviation, six sigma refers to a process having six standard deviations
sources of variation (4)
- design
- process capability
- measurement system
- material
KPIV
key - process - input - variables
DPU
defects per unit
DPO
defects per opportunities (DPU/opportunities)
Process capability
a measure of how well a process is within a specification - bigger is better
how can we make process capability better? (4)
- design the product so a wider tolerance is functional
- choose equipment and methods for a good safety margin
- correctly adjust, but only when needed
- discover ways to narrow the natural variation
process capability minimum
1.33 want 2 or more
key metrics to detect improvement (6)
external metrics:
- quality
- price
- delivery
internal metrics:
- cycle time
- cost
- defects
six sigma roles (6)
- executive
- champions
- master black belt
- black belt
- green belt
- yellow belt
executive
- owns vision, direction - leads change
champions
- create plan and individual projects - identify resources
master black belts
- trains black and green belts - statistical problem solving experts
black belts
leads problem solving projects
green belts
assists with data collection and analysis for black belts
yellow belts
reviews process improvements
key factors in six sigma project selection (5)
- financial return
- impacts on customers and organization
- probability of success
- impact on employees
- fit to strategy
DMAIC
design, measure, analyze, improve, control
capability index
