Ch9: Digestive System Flashcards
alimentation
ingestion
digestion
absorption
elimination
process of providing nutrition to the body
oral intake of substances into the body
mechanical and chemical conversion of food is accomplished by chewing
process where the digested food molecules pass through the lining of small intestines’ into the blood or lymph capillaries
removal of undigested food particles (defecation)
3 major classes of nutrients
carbohydrates proteins and fat
two name for enzyme that breaks down protein
protease or proteinase
-ation
bil/i or chol/e
cirrh/o
de-
glycos/o
-orexia
-pepsia
vag/o
viscer/o
action or process
bile
orange-yellow
down, reversing, removing
sugar
appetite
digestion
vagus nerve
viscera
cheil/o
denti/i, dent/o, odont/o
gingiv/o
gloss/o, lingu/o
or/o, stomat/o
esophag/o
gastr/o
intestin/o, enter/o
duoden/o
jejun/o
ile/o
col/o,colon/o
append/o, appendic/o
cec/o
sigmoid/o
proct/o
rect/o
an/o
lips
teeth
gums
tongue
mouth
esophagus
stomach
intestines
duodenum
jejunum
ileum
colon or large intestines
appendix
cecum
sigmoind colon
anus or rectum
rectum
anus
pertaining to:
anus
duodenum
inferior of the stomach
small intestine
esophagus
tongue
rectum
anal
duodenal
endogastric
enteral
esophageal
glossal
rectal
what are the accessory organs of digestion and their combining for
liver - hepat/o
gallbladder - cholescyst/o
pancreas - pancreat/o
salivary gland - sial/o
bile- bil/i, chol/e
common bile duct - choledoch/o
biliary
pertaining to bile
cholecystic
pertaining to gallbladder
choledochal
pertaining to the common bile duct
esophagram/barrium swallow/esophagogram
x-ray image of esophagus when the patient swallows a liquid barium suspension
biliary calculus (gallstone)
presence of stones in gallbladder
presence of stones in bile duct
presence of stones in pancreas
stone formed in the biliary tract
cholelithiasis
choledocholithiasis
pacrealithiasis
injection of radiopaque substances into the salivary ducts
visual examination of esophagus
visual examination of the stomach
endoscopic examination of the lining of the colon with a colonoscope
inspection of the rectum and sigmoid colon with an endoscope
endoscopic examination of the rectum with a proctoscope
sialography
esophagoscopy
gastroscopy
colonoscopy
coloscopy, sigmoidoscopy, proctoscopy
proctoscopy
result of reisstance to insulin or lack of insulin secretion by the insulin-secreting cells of the pancreas
diabetes mellitus (DM)
hyperglycemia
increased glucose level in the body
symptoms of DM
polyphagia - hunger
polyuria - urination
polydipsia - thirst
(excessive)
hypoglycemia
when pancreas produces too much insulin and blood contains less than the normal amount of sugar
hyperlipidemia
abnormal increase of fat or lipids in the blood
hyperemesis
execessive vomiting
emaciation
execssive leannes caused by lack of nutrition or disease
anorexia
anorexia nervosa
bulimia
malnutrition
malabsorption syndrome
flatulence
loss of appetite for food
disorder characterized by prolongated refusal to eat
episidoci binge eating followed by self-induced vomiting or laxative abuse
depletion of nutrients for body cells
improper absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream from the intestines
excessive gas in the smoatch and intestinal tract
dyspepsia
bad digestion
Mouth:
canker sores
cheilitis
gingivitis
glossitis
stomatitis
ulcers, chiefly of the mouth and lips
inflammation of the lip
inflammation of gums
inflammation of the mouth
esophagus:
dysphagia
esophageal varices
esophagitis
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
INABILITY OR DIFFICULty swallowing
complex of enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus susceptible to hemorrhage
inflammation of the esophagus
backflow of the stomach contents into esophagus
stomach:
gastritis
gastrocele
hiatal hernia
gastroenteritis
hyperacidity
ulcer
upper gastrointestinal bleeding
inflammation of the stomach
herniation of the stomach
protusion of a structure through the opening in the diaphragm that allows passage of the esophagus
inflammation of the stomach and the intestinal tract
excessive amount of acid in the stomach
lesion of the mucous membrane, accompanied by the sloughing od dead tissue
bleeding of the upper digestive structures, evidenced by hematemesis
intestines:
appendicities
colitis
diverticulitis
diverticulum
diverticulosis
duodenal ulcer
duodenitis
dysentery
enterostasis
hemorrhoids
irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
lower gastrointetsinal bleeding
inflammation of the vermiform appendix
inflammation of the colon
inflammation of a diverticulum in the intestinal tract
small sax or pouch in the wall of an organ
presence of diverticula without inflammation
an ulcer of the duodenum
inflammation of the duodenum
inflammation of the intestine
stoppage or delay in the passage of food through intestine
masses of veins in the anal canal that are unnaturally distended in or out of rectum
abnormally increased motility of the small and large intestines of unknown origin
bleeding of the lower digestive structures
gallbladder:
cholecystitis
cholelithiasis
cholestasis
inflammation
formation or presence of gallstones
stoppage of bile excretion
liver:
cirrhosis
hepatitis
hepatomegaly
chronic liver disease characterized by marked degeneration of liver cells
inflammation of the liver
enlargement of the liver
pancreas:
diabetes
hypoglycemia
pancreatitis
general term for disease characterized by excessive urination
low blood glucose levels
inflammation of pancreas
appetite-suppressing
anorexiant
surgical approach that limit food intake or absorption
gastroplasty
gastric bypass
medications used to:
treat diarrhea
relieve or prevent vomiting
to induce vomiting
evacuation of the bowel and constipation
promote full evacuation of the bowel
antidiarrheals
antiemetics
emetics
laxatives
purgatives or cathartics
feeding tubes used to introduced nutrients directly into the gastrointestinal tract
nasogastric, nasoduodenal, nasojejunal
new opening made in esophagus, stomach or jejunum
esophagostomy, gastrostomy or jejunostomy
biliary lithostripsy
crushing of gallstones so then it could pass through biliary ducts
shock wave lithotripsy or laser lithotripsy
a non invasive treatment for crushing of gallstones
laparoscopic cholecystectomy
gallbladder is excised with a laser and removed through a small incision in the abdominal wall
appendectomy
cholecystectomy
colostomy
removal of the vermiform appendix
surgical removal of the gallbladder
creation of an artificial anus on the abdominal wall by incising the colon and drawing it out the surface
gastroduodenostomy
new opening has been made between the stomach and the duodenum
gastrectomy
anastomosis
gastrostomy
hemorrhoidectomy
ileostomy
stoma
removal of all or part of the stomach
joining of two organs, vessels, or ducts that are normally separate
sugrical creation of a new opening into the stomach through the abdominal wall
removl of hemorrhoids by any of sevral means
creation of a surgical passage through the abdominal wall into the ileum. Necessary when the large intestine has been removed
opening where fecal material drains through into a bag worn on the abdomen
laparoscopy
liver biopsy
percutaneous liver biopsy
pancreatolithectomy
vagotomy
examination of the abdominal cavity with a laparoscope through one or more small incisions in the abdominal wall
removal of tissue from the liver for pathologic examination
removal of liver tissue by using needle to puncture the skin overlying the liver
excision of pancreatic stone
resection of protions of the vagus nerve near the stomach. Used to decrease the amount of gastric juices severing the nerve
