Ch 5: body as a whole Flashcards
organizational scheme of the body starting from atoms or ions
atoms or ions-molecules-organelle-cell-tissue-organ-organ system-organism
tissues in the body
covering both internal and external surfaces (cementing substances)
supports and bind other body tissue and parts
composed of fibers that are able to contract, causing movement of body parts and organs
conducts impulses that connect the brain and spinal cord with toher parts of the body
epithelial
connective
muscle
nervous
homeostasis
constant internal environment that is naturally maintained by the body
secretes hormones and helps regulate body activities
coordinates the reception of stimuli
facilitates procreation
filters blood to remove wastes of cellular metabolism; maintains the electrolyte and fluid balance
provides the body with water, nutrients, and minerals, removes solid wastes
brings oxygen into the body and removes dioxide nd water waste
helps maintain the internal fluid environemnt, produces some types of blood cells, regulates immunity
delievrs oxygen, nutrients, and vital substances throughout the body, transports cellular waste products to the lungs and kidneys for excretion
provides protection, form, and shape for the body, stores minerals and forms some blood cells
makes movement possible
endocrine
nervous
integumentary
reproductive
urinary
digestive
respiratory
lymphatic
cardiovascular
skeletal
muscular
ana-
-plasia
upward/excessive/again
development of formation of tissue
aplasia
dysplasia
hypoplasia
hyperplasia
hypertrophy
the lack of development of an organ or tissue
any abnormal development of tissues, recognized by cells that differ in size, shape, and appearance
underdevelopment of an organ or a tissue; less severe than aplasia
an abnormal increase in the number of normal cells in tissue
an increase in the size of an organ caused by an increase in the size of existence cells rather than the number of cells
anaplasia
characteristic of malignant tumors.
earliest stage of development
anter/o
poster/o
ventr/o
dors/o
medi/o
later/o
super/o
infer/o
proxim/o
dist/o
cephal/o
caud/o
intern/o
extern/o
anterior
posterior
ventral
dorsal
medial/median
lateral
superior
inferior
proximal
distal
cephalad
caudad
internal
external
planes of the body
frontal (coronal) plane: divides the body into front and back portions
transverse plane: divides the body into upper and lower portions
sagittal plane: divides the body into right and left sides.
Midsagittal plane divides the body into two equal halves
prone vs supine
prone is lying face downward and supine lying on the back
patient lies on the left side, the right knee and thigh flexed and the upper limb parallel along the back
a person who is able to walk
recumbent
ambulant
two principal body cavities
division of dorsal cavity
division of ventral cavity
what separates the division of ventral cavity
dorsal and ventral cavity
cranial and spinal
thoracic and abdominopelvic
diaphragm
—- lines the abdominopelvic cavity and enfolds internal organs
peritoneum (periton/o-peritoneum -eum-membrane)
major regions of the body
head
neck
torso
extremities
abdomin/o
acr.o
blephar/o
cyst/o
dactyl/o
lapar/o
omphal/o, umbilic/o
onych/o
pelv/i
periton/o
som/a, somat/o
thorac/o
abdomen
extremities
eyelid
cyst, bladder, or sac
digit
abdominal wall
umbilicus
nail
pelvis
peritoneum
body
chest (thorax)
acrodermatitis
acrocyanosis
acrohypothermy
acromegaly
thoracocentesis/thoracentesis
cephalopelvic
dermatitis of the extremities
cyanosis of the xtremities
abdnormal coldness of the extremities
abnormal enlargement of the body extremities
surgical puncture of the chest wall foraspiration of fluids
head of the fetus and the maternal pelvis
abdominal quadrants
RUQ LUQ RLQ LLQ
abdominocentesis
surgical procedure that is performed to remove excess fluids from the abdominal cavity
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
ascites
peritonitis
omphalocele
result it infectious microorganisms gain access by way of surgical incisions or by the rupture or perforation of viscera or associated to structures
congenital herniation of the navel
dactylography
dactylospasm
dactylitis
chiropody
chirospasm
chiroplasty
onychophagist
onychopathy
onychomycosis
onychectomy
study of fingerprints
cramping of finger or toe
inflammation of bones of the fingers
and toes
pertaining to the hands and feet
cramping of the hand
surgerey of the hand
habitually bites the nails
disease of nails
disease of the nails caused by fungus
surgical removal of the nail is onychectomy
edema
accumulation of fluids
crin/o -crine
dacry/o, lacrim/o
-emia
hem/o, hemat/o
hidr/o
hydr/o
lymph/o
muc/o
-poiesis
-poietin
py/o
sial/o
ur/o
secrete
tear, crying
condiiton of blood
blood
sweat or perspiration
water
lymph
mucus
production
pus
saliva
urine
blood vocab
coagul/o
cyt/o -cyte
erythr/o
hem/a, hemat/o
immun/o
leuk/o
thromb/o
-osis
-penia
-poeisis
coagulation
cell
red
blood
immune
white
clot (thrombus)
increased/abnormal
deficiency
production
blood platelets or (think about coagulation)
thrombocytes
hematology
study of blood and the blood-forming tissues (bone marrow and lymphoid tissue)
red blood cytes
white blood cytes
erythrocytes
leukocytes
hemolysis
hemodialysis
hematoma
destruction of red blood cells with the liberation of hemoglobin
process of diffusing blood through a semipermeable membrane to remove toxic materials from the bodies of person with impaired kidney function
collection of a blood, usually clotted
blood coagulation
fibrin
anticoagulant
transforming of blood from a liquid to a solid
forms in the clot
substance that delays or prevents blood from clotting
thrombosis
-osis
thrombocytopenia/thrombopenia
foration of internal blood clots
condition
reduction of number of blood platelets
hemoglobin
anemia
pallor
sickle cell anemia
phagocytes
leukopenia
leykocytosis
a type of protein
increase in number of concentration of hemoglobin in red blood cells
paleness
inherited RBC disroder in which the red blood cells do not have suffiecinet hemoglobin o trabnsport oxygen throughout the body
cells that can ingest and destroy particulate substances
abnormal increase in the total number of WBC
leukemia
hematopoiesis
erythropoietin
progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs
productions of blood
hormone produced maily in the kidneys and release into the bloodstream, causes the production of red blood cells
difference between susceptibility resistance
S is being vulnerable to a disease or disorder and R is the body’s natural ability to counteract microorganisms or toxins
difference between antigen and antibody
AG is any substance that the body regards as foreign
AB is a disease fighting protien produced by immune system
2 types of body defence
nonspecific reistsance and specific resistance
immunization
is the process by which resistance to an infectuous disease is induced or augmented
difference between
active immunity vs passive immunity
active individual’s own body produces an immune response to harmful antigen
passive immune agents develop in another person or animal and then are transferred to an individual who was not previously immune
immunocompromised
immunodeficiency
immune response has been weakened by a disease or immunosuppressive agent
diseases are caused by a defect in the immune system and characterized by a susceptability to infections and chronic diseases
hypersensitivity
allergies
excessive reaction to an antigen
body reaction with an exaggerated immune response to common, harmless substances
metastasis vs metastasize
cancer cells that exhibit the properties of invansion
already doing IT
AIDS
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
pathogen
microorganism that is capable of causing or producing a disease
types of pathogenic microorganisms
viruses
Bacteria
fungi
protozoa
simplest organisms of the animal kingdom
microorganism that feed by absorbing organic molecules from their surroundings (yeasts and molds)
cocci, bacilli, and spirilla
minute microorganism that replicates only wihthin a cell of a livign plants or animal
protozoa
fungi
bacteria
virus
WMD
weapons of mas destruction
cdc
centers for disease control and prevention
FEMA
federal emergency management agency
examples of WMD
biological
nuclear/radiological
chemical
explosive
combined hazards
use of pathogenic biological agents to cause terror is a population.
bioterrorism
reasons to be considered bioterrorism
essil be disseminated (distibuted over a general area) or trasmitted from person to person
cause high mortality and major public health impact
public panic and social disruption
special action for public preparedness
