Ch 7: Circulatory System Flashcards
what circulatory system is consist of
cardio+vascul+ar system (heart and blood vessels) and the lymphatic system (conveyance of fluid lymph)
homeostasis
home/o sameness
-stasis controlling
structure of the cardiovascular system (5)
see folder
arteries - blood leaves by
arterioles - branched arteries
arterial capillaries - branched arterioles - tiny vessels - site where oxygen and waste are exchange
venules - blood leaving capillaries and blood returns the heart through
veins - flows into the veins - carry blood back to the heart by way of the venae cavae (largest veins in the body)
there is also venous carpillaries
lymphatic, artery, vessel combining form
lymphat/o
arter/o
vascul/o
what are the 4 chambers of heart
left atrium
right ventricle
right atrium
right ventricle
describe the process that deoxygenated and oxygenated blood goes through
venae cavae - rigth atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs echange co2 and o2 - pulmonary veins - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
differences between
pericardium (-ium membrane)
epicardium
endocardium
myocardium
sac made up of a double membrane encloses the heart.
innermost layer of the pericardium (visceral)
membrane that form the lining inside the heart
the heart muscle itself. thickest tissue of the heart and is composed of muscle fibers
what is the name of the blood verrels that supply oxygen to the heart
coronary arteries
what’s the name of the artery which blood leaves the heart to be routed throughout the body
aorta
what are the 5 types of blood vessels
arteries
arterioles
veins
venules
capillaries
blood pressure definition and normal range
the pressure exerted by the blood on the wall of an artery (120 (systolic pressure/maximum)/80 (diastolic pressure/ pressure by a relaxed heaty)mmHg)
angi/o, vas/o, vacul/o
aort/o
arter/o or arteri/o
arteriol/o
ather/o
phleb/o, ven/o
venul/o
vessel
aorta
artery
arteriole
yellow fatty plaque
vein
venule
cardiomyopathy
diagnostic term for primary disease of the heart and muscle
myocarditis
endocarditis
pericarditis
inflammation of the heart muscle
inflammation of endocardium which leaves the heart valves affected - lining fo the heart
inflammation of pericardium -
electrocardiogram
electrocardiograph
electrocardiography
measurement
instrument used to record electrical currents of the heart
process of recording electrical currents of the heart
echocardiography
echocardiogram
use of ultrasonography in diagnosing heart disease
record of the heart obtained by directing ultrasonic waves through the chest wall
what MRI
CT stand for
magnetic resonance imaging
computer tomography
cardiac catheterization
catheter
passage of long, flexible tube into the heart chambers through a vein in an arm or leg or the neck
instrument used
PET or __ __ __ is used for
positron emission tomography
examining blood flow in the heart and blood vessels
angina pectoris
severe chest pain insufficient supply of blood to the heart itself
arrhythmia (dysrhthmia)
irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat
asystole
absence of heartbeat
cardiomegaly
enlarged size of the heart
congenital heart defects (atrial or ventricular)
abnormalities present in the heart at birth
congestive disease/ heart failure
weakness, breathlessness, and edema in the lower portions of the body; work demanded by the heart is greater than what it could perform
coronary artery disease
abnormal condition that affects heart’s arteries and produces pathologic effects (reduced blood flow to myocardium)
coronary heart disease
heart damage from insufficient oxygen caused by pathologic changes in the coronary artery
fibrillation
defibrillator
defibrillation
severe cardiac arrhythmia in which concentrations are too rapid and uncoordinated for effective blood circulation
electronic apparatus that delivers a shock to the heart
apparatus used to slow/restore its normal rhythm
heart murmur
soft blowing or rasping sound that may be heard when listening to the heart
hyperlipidemia
excessive lipids in the blood (cholesterol)
can influence coronary heart disease
hypertension
hypotension
elevated blood pressure above 120/80
can be hypertensive
low blood pressure 95/60
infarction
and it can result from
-occlusion
-stenosis
myocardial infarction
myocardial ischemia
necrosis of a localized area of tissue caused by lack of blood supply that area
obstruction
narrowing of the artery that supplies blood to that tissue
death of an area of te heart muscle as a result of oxygen deprivation
deficiency of blood supply to myocardium. ischemia refers to a temporary deficiency of blood supply to any body part
septal defect
defect in the wall separating the left and right sides of the heart
can be atrial or ventricular
shock
serious condition in which blood flow to the heart is reduced to such an extent that body tissues do not receive enough blood
vasodilation
increase in the diameter of a blood vessel
vasoconstriction
decrease in the diameter of the heart
angiomas
tumors consisting principally of blood vessels (hemangioma) or lymph vessels (lymphangioma). generally benign
aortography
aortogram
radiography of aorta
record by this procedure
aortic stenosis (narrowing)
narrowing of aortic valvo
arteriography
arteriogram
radiography of arteries after injection of radiopaque material into the bloodstream
image produced
arteriosclerosis
atherosclerosis
hardening of the arteries
formation of fatty deposits on the walls of arteries
angiocardiography
angiography
radiography of heart and great vessels
radiography of vessels
aneurysm
hemorrhage
ballooning out of the wall of a vessel caused by congenital defect or weakness of the wall of the vessel
loss of large amount of blood In a short time
types of strokes
hemorrhagic stroke - blood vessel bursts
thrombotic stroke - plaque cause a clot to form and blocks blood flow
embolic stroke- blood clot or embolus reaches an artery in the brian
pertaining to thrombus
thrombotic
thrombophlebitis
coronary thrombosis
inflammation of veins associated with a blood clot
blood clot in a coronary artery
varicose veins (varicosity)
hemorrhoids
swollen and knotted veins
masses of dilated varicose veins in the anal canal
cardiopulmonary
pertaining to the heart and lungs
cardiopulmonary bypass
diver blood away from the heart and lungs temporarily
sinoatrial (SA) node
heart natural pacemaker
cardioversion
cardioverter defibrillator ICD
restoring the heart’s normal rhythm using electrical shock
detects sustained ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation and delivers low energy shock to the heart
antiarrhythmic
digoxin (is it an example)
drugs use to prevent, alleviate, or correct an abnormal heart rhythm
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (cpr)
emergency first-aid procedure to reestablish heart and lung action
close heart massage and artificial respiration
nitroglycerin
drug for angina pectoris
beta blockers
medication used in myocardial infarction to allow heart to work less
thrombolytic
agent administrated thorugh a catheter to dissolve the clot
vasodilators
medications that cause dilation of blood vessels
antihypertensives
agents that are used to reduce high blood pressure
diuretics
reduce blood volume through greater excretion of water by the kidneys
antilipidemic
drugs to lower cholesterol levels in blood
angioplasty
one example
phlebectomy
surgical repair of blood vessels
balloon catheter
excision of a vein
artherectomy
excision in the artery
hemorrhoidectomy
surgical excision fo a hemorrhoid
what compose the lymphatic system (6)
lymph vessels
lymph nodes
lymph
tonsils
thymus
spleen (splen/o)
types of tonsils
palatine, pharyngeal/adenoinds, lingusl
lymphatic carcinoma
cancer that has spread to the lymphatics from another site
lymphoma
general term for carncer that originates in the lymphatic system
lymphangitis
lymphangiography
acute or chronic inflammation of lymphatic vessels
radiography of the lymphatic vessels and nodes
lymphedema
swelling caused by accumulation fo lymph in tissue
lymphangiograms
checls theintegrity of of the lymphatic system
elephantiasis
example of edema a parasite disease seen in the tropics. caused by obstruction of lymphatic vessels by parasites
lymphadenopathy
lymphadenoma
lymphadenitis
any disease of the lymph nodes
tumor of a lymph node
inflammation of lymph nodes
tonsillitis
inflammation of the tonsils
splenomegaly
enlarged spleen
lymphadenectomy
splenectomy
tonsilectomy
adenoidectomy
excision of lymph node
when adenoids are enlarged
rhytmic expansion and contrection of an artery
pulse
