Ch8.1, 8.2- Knowledge Organisation/ Problem solving, Judgement and Decision making Flashcards
Clusters of concepts are called:
a) classical categorization
b) categories
c) concepts
d) graded membership
e) prototypes
f) linguistic relativity
g) semantic network
b) Categories
Mental representations of an object, event or idea are…
a) classical categorization
b) categories
c) concepts
d) graded membership
e) prototypes
f) linguistic relativity
g) semantic network
h) exemplar model
c) concepts
The “best example” in a model that other members are judged by how closely they resemble this:
e) prototypes
Objects or events categorized by rules are organised by:
a) classical categorization
b) categories
c) concepts
d) graded membership
e) prototypes
f) linguistic relativity
g) semantic network
h) exemplar model
a) classical categorization
An interconnected set of concepts linked together to form a category:
a) classical categorization
b) categories
c) concepts
d) graded membership
e) prototypes
f) linguistic relativity
g) semantic network
h) exemplar model
g) semantic network
The observation that certain concepts make better category members than others:
a) classical categorization
b) categories
c) concepts
d) graded membership
e) prototypes
f) linguistic relativity
g) semantic network
h) exemplar model
d) graded membership
Instead of a specific prototype, all members of a category form the holistic representation of the concept:
a) classical categorization
b) categories
c) concepts
d) graded membership
e) prototypes
f) linguistic relativity
g) semantic network
h) exemplar model
h) exemplar model
The theory that the language we use determines how we understand the world:
a) classical categorization
b) categories
c) concepts
d) graded membership
e) prototypes
f) linguistic relativity
g) semantic network
h) exemplar model
h) linguistic relativity (aka the Whorfian hypothesis)
Accounting for cultural differences, a ______ would organise an object in relation to its environment, while a _____ would organise an object by focusing on a single characteristic.
a) Asian
b) Westerner
a>b
Identifying a possible solution but failing to recognise it is an example of…
a) functional rigidity
b) functional fixedness
c) structural perspective
d) structural fixedness
b) functional fixedness
A brute force hacking program operates by _____ while a human picking a vowel in a game of hangman is using a _____
Heuristic, algorithm
algorithm = computer logic heuristic = educated guesses and problem solving strategies
A cognitive obstacle that occurs when an individual attempts to apply a routine solution to a new problem is called:
a) a mental set
b) a mental block
c) mental fixedness
d) retroactive fixedness
a) a mental set is a cognitive obstacle.
Making judgements of an individual by how well they fit a certain category (eg. assuming the old bald guy is the professor) is
a) the availability heuristic
b) the representative heuristic
c) prejudice
d) anchoring effect
b) the representative heuristic
If I assume that there are more words starting with the letter K than there are with the word K as the 3rd letter, then I am using
a) the availability heuristic
b) the representative heuristic
c) prejudice
d) anchoring effect
a) the avaliability heuristic
This occurs when an individual attempts to solve a problem involving numbers and uses previous knowledge to keep the response in a limited range.
a) the availability heuristic
b) the representative heuristic
c) prejudice
d) anchoring effect
d) the anchoring effect.
