Ch7- Memory

Question 1

The control process retrieval brings information back from the LTM to the STM.

a) attention
b) encoding
c) retrieval
d) control processes

Answer 1

c) retrieval

Question 2

The control process ____ selects the information that will be transferred from the STM to the LTM (long term memory).

a) attention
b) encoding
c) retrieval
d) control processes

Answer 2

b) Encoding

Question 3

The Atkinson-Shiffrin model contains _ different memory stores. Stores retain information without using it, like a hard drive.

a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4

Answer 3

c) 3

Question 4

_______ shifts information from one store to another.

a) attention
b) encoding
c) retrieval
d) control processes

Answer 4

d) control processes

Question 5

The control process _____ selects which information will be passed on the the STM (short term memory)

a) attention
b) encoding
c) retrieval
d) control processes

Answer 5

a) attention

Question 6

This store holds a limited amount of information over a limited duration.

Time period:

i) 5 minutes
ii) 10 seconds
iii) 2 minutes
iv) less than 1 minute

a) Iconic memory
b) Echoic memory
c) Sensory memory
d) Perceptual memory
e) Short Term Memory (STM)
f) Long Term Memory (LTM)

Answer 6

iv) less than a minute

e) Short Term Memory

Question 7

This store holds an unlimited amount of perceptual information, but only for a very brief amount of time.

a) Iconic memory
b) Echoic memory
c) Sensory memory
d) Perceptual memory
e) Short Term Memory (STM)
f) Long Term Memory (LTM)

Answer 7

c) sensory memory

Question 8

Sensory memory consists of:

a) Iconic memory
b) Echoic memory
c) Perceptual memory
d) Short Term Memory (STM)
e) Long Term Memory (LTM)

Answer 8

a) and (b): Iconic and Echoic memory.

Question 9

The act of grouping together smaller units of information into larger units of information is called:

Does this ability vary under different circumstances?

Answer 9

Chunking

Yes. This ability varies between situations and individuals.

Question 10

The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon, or TOT, is related to which memory store?

a) Iconic memory
b) Echoic memory
c) Sensory memory
d) Perceptual memory
e) Short Term Memory (STM)
f) Long Term Memory (LTM)

Answer 10

f) LTM

Question 11

The serial position effect states that:

a) items memorised last (the recency effect) are remembered better than items memorized before
b) items remembered under the primacy and recency effect are recalled easier
c) items memorised first (primacy effect) are remembered better than items memorized afterwards

Answer 11

b) the primacy and recency effect mean that objects in the middle are less likely to be remembered.

Question 12

The effect where the first few items are remembered relatively easily is known as the…

Answer 12

Primacy effect

Question 13

The effect where the last few items are remembered easily is known as the…

Answer 13

Recency effect

Question 14

Retroactive interference occurs when…

a) the items memorized earlier overwrite memories of the items memorized just a moment ago
b) the items memorized a moment ago overwrite the memories stored much earlier

Answer 14

b) the items memorized a moment ago overwrite the memories stored much earlier.

Retroactive, definition: when something happening NOW affects the past.

Question 15

Proactive interference is linked to which effect:

Primacy or Recency effect?

Answer 15

Primacy effect, where older information inhibits the recall of newer information by taking up valuable space

Question 16

There are 4 components to the STM (or Working) memory.
This one stores information about visual images and spatial layouts.

a) Phonological loop
b) Visuospatial sketchpad
c) Episodic buffer
d) The Central Executive

Answer 16

b) Visuospatial sketchpad

Question 17

There are 4 components to the STM (or Working) memory.
This one combines images and sound information, from two other parts, into a coherent story.

a) Phonological loop
b) Visuospatial sketchpad
c) Episodic buffer
d) The Central Executive

Answer 17

c) Episodic buffer

Question 18

There are 4 components to the STM (or Working) memory.
This one stores information as sounds and relies on rehearsal.

a) Phonological loop
b) Visuospatial sketchpad
c) Episodic buffer
d) The Central Executive

Answer 18

a) Phonological loop.

Question 19

feature-binding, or combining visual features into a single chunk, involves…

a) Phonological loop
b) Visuospatial sketchpad
c) Episodic buffer
d) The Central Executive

Answer 19

b) Visuospatial sketchpad

Question 20

There are 4 components to the STM (or Working) memory.
This one does not store information, but coordinates attention and the exchange of information along the 3 storage components in the STM.

a) Phonological loop
b) Visuospatial sketchpad
c) Episodic buffer
d) The Central Executive

Answer 20

d) the Central Executive

Question 21

The LTM can be divided into 2 categories.

select 2

a) declarative (explicit) memories
b) non-declarative (implicit) memories
c) episodic memories
d) semantic memories

Answer 21

a+b: declarative and nondeclarative memories.

Question 22

declarative memory consists of 2 varieties. One of these memory types are organised around personal experiences. These are called:

Answer 22

Episodic memories

Question 23

declarative memory consists of 2 varieties. One of these memory types are organised around general knowledge regarding the world. These are called:

Answer 23

Semantic memories

Question 24

non declarative memories occur when prior experiences influence performance on a task without conscious recall of those experiences.

Motor skills, habits, and other behaviours that are recalled without conscious effort are called…

a) declarative (explicit) memories
b) non-declarative (implicit) memories
c) procedural memories
d episodic memories
e) semantic memories

Answer 24

c) procedural memories

Question 25

A technique that can be used to test non declarative memory is called: a) shaping b) buffering c) priming d) feature binding

Answer 25

c) priming

Question 26

The process that demonstrates an enduring increase in connectivity and transmission of neural cells that fire together, is called: Hint 1: Hebb's Law Hint 2: LTP

Answer 26

Long Term Potentiation (LTP)

Question 27

Encoding from the STM to the LTM that occurs at the cellular level is called: cellular _____ a) condensation b) compression c) consolidation d) conditioning

Answer 27

c) consolidation

Question 28

This amnesia causes the loss of memory for events prior to the injury. a) anterograde amnesia b) retrograde amnesia c) consolidation d) seizures

Answer 28

b) retrograde amnesia remember the definition of retrograde- the present affecting the past

Question 29

This amnesia inhibits the ability to form new memories after an injury. a) anterograde amnesia b) retrograde amnesia c) consolidation d) seizures

Answer 29

a) anterograde amnesia

Question 30

Prolonging information recall by thinking about its meaning: a) acronym b) dual coding c) flashbulb memory d) maintenance rehearsal e) elaborative rehearsal f) method of loci g) encoding specificity principle h) mnemonic i) first-letter technique j) storage k) testing effect l) state-dependant learning m) mood-dependant learning

Answer 30

e) elaborative rehearsal

Question 31

the concept that lies in between encoding and retrieval. a) acronym b) dual coding c) flashbulb memory d) maintenance rehearsal e) elaborative rehearsal f) method of loci g) encoding specificity principle h) mnemonic i) first-letter technique j) storage k) testing effect l) state-dependant learning m) mood-dependant learning

Answer 31

j) storage

Question 32

a form of deep processing where you think about how information relates to you a) acronym b) dual coding c) flashbulb memory d) maintenance rehearsal e) survival processing f) the self reference effect g) elaborative rehearsal

Answer 32

f) the self reference effect

Question 33

a form of deep processing where you think about how information helps you survive is called:

Answer 33

survival processing

Question 34

prolonging recall of information by repeating it a) phonological loop b) elaborative rehearsal c) maintenance rehearsal d) storage

Answer 34

c) maintenance rehearsal

Question 35

This occurs when recall of information is aided by location or circumstances a) state-dependant learning b) mood-dependant learning c) context-dependant learning

Answer 35

a) state-dependant learning. FUCK CONTEXT DEPENDANT. CONTEXT DOES NOT FUCKI:NGEX@#!IST

Question 36

This occurs when recall of information is aided by mood

Answer 36

mood dependant learning

Question 37

These memories are extremely detailed and vivid. a) procedural memories b) semantic memories c) flashbulb memory d) declarative memories

Answer 37

c) flashbulb memory

Question 38

Are flashbulb memories accurate?

Answer 38

they are no more accurate than regular memories.

Question 39

``` Herman Ebbinghaus (stupid fucking name) proposed the Forgetting curve, in which information is forgotten... ``` a. More rapidly as time goes by b. Gradually at first, then with increasing speed c. Quickly at first, then tapers off gradually d. Most quickly one day after learning e. None of the above

Answer 39

c) quickly at first, then tapers off gradually

Question 40

Method of loci is an example of: a) acronym b) dual coding c) mnemonic

Answer 40

c) mnemonic

Question 41

Method of loci involves: a) remembering items along a path b) matching rhyming words along a list c) repeating the list over and over d) telling a story using the items from the list

Answer 41

a) remembering items along a path.