Ch8: Cell Diversity Flashcards
What is a tissue?
Group of similar cells that are modified/adapted to carry out the same function(s)
-simple tissues have one cell type
-Complex tissues have multiple cell types
Name 4 types of plant tissue
-Dermal
-Vascular
-Meristematic
-Ground
Describe dermal tissue in plant cells
-Single layer of cells surrounding the parts of the plant
-Located on leaves, stems and roots
-Slightly thickened cell wall
-Sometimes have a waterproof layer (cuticle) on the outer surface
What is the function of dermal tissue in plant cells?
To protect the plant
Describe vascular tissue
-Transports materials around the plant
-Xylem and Phloem
Describe Xylem and Phloem
XYLEM
-hollow tubes, with openings called pits, that run from roots to leaves
-Transports water and dissolved substances
-Provides support
-Dead cells
PHLOEM
-Transports food
Name the 4 types of animal tissues
-Epithelial
-Connective
-Muscular
-Nervous
Explain connective tissue
-Number of cells, spread out in a material, that is produced by the connective cells
-E.g. adipose tissue (stores fat), cartilage, bones, blood
Function of connective tissue?
Joins and supports other body structures
Function of nervous tissue?
Composed of neurons to carry electrical impulses to and from the brain and spinal chord
What is an organ?
Structure composes of a number of tissues working together to carry out one or more functions
Give examples of plant organs
-Root
-Stem
-Leaves
-Seed
-Fruit
Give examples of animal organs
-Stomach
-Brain
-Heart
-Lungs
Plant organs:
1. Name one
2. Give its main function
3. Name two types of tissue found in this organ
- Leaves
- Photosynthesis
- Dermal- epidermis
Vascular- xylem and ploem
Animal organs:
1. Name one
2. Give its main function
3. Name two types of tissue found in this organ
- Heart
- Pump blood around the body
- Connective- blood
Muscular- cardiac muscle walls
What are organ systems?
Number of organs working together to carry out one or more functions
Name the 10 organ systems in animals
-Skeletal
-Respiratory
-Muscular
-Urinary
-Digestive
-Nervous
-Epithelial
-Endocrine
-Circulatory
-Reproductive
What is tissue culture?
The growth of cells in or on a sterile nutrient medium, outside an organism
Give examples of tissue culture
-Plant breeding (micropropagation)
-Cancer Research
-Skin grafts
Take 2 examples of tissue culture
1. Name a product formed in each case
2. Benefits
PLANT BREEDING
1. large number of plants in a short period of time
2. All plants are genetically identical
Inexpensive
SKIN GRAFTS
1. New skin is grown, using stem cells, for burn patients
2. No need to remove skin from elsewhere in the body
New skin is not rejected as it has been grown from the patient’s own cells
