ch8

Question 1

common cause of misbehavior

Answer 1

1. Inexperience / ignorance:
   - X u.stand rules classroom /dominant culture school
   …Make rules clear + explaining using concrete examples
2. Developmental stage of learner:
   -Young learn about world by touching +doing…difficult to sit still.
   …assist them making age-appropriate rules.
3. Curiosity:
   -poor socio-economic background, books X freely available
   …Allow learners few min to look at book before starting the lesson
4. need to belong:
   -gain acceptance-others.
5. need for recognition:
   - starving for attention (neg attention better -no attention)
6. need for power /control:
   - want let the other learners know who in charge
7. Anger Release:
   full of anger + resentment + X know how handle/ express strong feelings correctly
8. Family - Related Factors:
   - lack parent involvement
9. School related factors:
   - lack teachers as role models
   - neg school climate
   - teacher incompetence
   - overcrowded schools
10. Factors from society:
    - racial conflict
    - poor housing +medical services
    - availability illegal firearms

Question 2

3 Approaches to discipline are:

Answer 2

1. behaviouristic approach (authoritarian):
   - obedience is target behavior
   - punishment+ rewards used
   - use pos +neg reinforcements
   - providing correct stimuli
2. humanistic approach:
   - emphasizes individual freedom
   - pays attention to the dignity + worth of individual learners
3. Democratic models:
   - discipline be reasonable + reflect respect
   - relevant to the behaviors giving rise to the disciplinary action

“critical constructivist approach”:

• learners actively + intentionally “construct meaning” for themselves
• quality of relationship b.ween teacher +learners=crucial
• teacher needs invest time in getting know + u.stand learners

Question 3

goals of discipline

Answer 3

1. positive self concept
   - X categorize learners
   - understood + disciplined as individuals.
2. Self discipline
3. Moral autonomy
   - governed +guided by oneself ( source of control)
   - X need “policing” to keep them on right path

Question 4

Promoting positive behaviour /school climate:

Answer 4

-nurture
-inclusive
-principal is active participant in activities.
- Model the right behavior
-code of conduct for the school (whats accepted as appropriate behavior).
-clear rules in the classroom
(few, easily understood, justifiable +enforceable).
-Praise + Rewards (Planned +spontaneous )
-relationship building
-Give opportunity to succeed
-avoid favoritism
-Involve parents discipline + decision making

Question 5

approaches / guidelines to punishment of learners:

Answer 5

1. X degrade or humiliate
2. fit the offence
   - does make sense?
   - does make learner accountable his/her actions?
   - does keep learner’s + teacher’s dignity intact?
3. X given in anger
4. take place asap after event
5. be unpleasant
6. After, event be considered closed

Question 6

Types/Levels of misconduct:

Answer 6

• level 1: in classroom
• level 2: breaking school rules
• level 3: serious violation of the school code
• level 4: very serious violation of school code
• level 5: criminal acts which breach the law

Question 7

negative effects of punishment:

Answer 7

• anger
• damaged relationships
• fear
• missed opportunity for learning
• damage to self esteem
• lack of inner controls