Ch7 Vocab Flashcards
What is fitness (for life)?
In general, having good nutrition, exercise habits, and refraining from chemical abuse.
What TWO resources do bodies require?
Matter and Energy
What 4 macromolecules do humans obtain from food?
Protein, carbohydrates, lipids (fats), nucleic acids
What are the building blocks of proteins?
Amino acids
What are the building blocks of lipids (fats)?
Fatty acids and glycerols
What are the building blocks of carbohydrates?
Simple sugars
A person’s daily energy intake is measured in…
kilocalories (Calories)
What enzyme (present in saliva) begins to break down carbohydrates?
amylase
Proteins that act as catalysts to carry out (speed up) chemical reactions.
enzymes
What are some factors that can influence the effectiveness of an enzyme?
temperature, pH, concentration of the enzyme or substrate, amount of time the enzyme is allowed to work
Breaking food into smaller pieces that can be absorbed and used by cells is called…
digestion (physical and chemical)
In cells, using molecules to synthesize (build) substances for growth or repair is called…
biosynthesis
Chemical reactions that release energy take place within what cell part?
mitochondria
The process of breaking down food to release energy is called…
cellular respiration (This takes place in the mitochondria and involves oxygen and water)
What is the molecule that can be used directly by cells to do work?
ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
Functions and examples of proteins?
help chemical reactions take place (enzymes)
body/cell building blocks (proteins in muscle)
messengers (insulin)
transport (hemoglobin)
immunity (antibodies)
these are all examples of PROTEINS
Functions of lipids?
make hormones, cell membranes, and store energy
Functions and examples of carbs?
source of energy (glucose, starch, fructose)
What are the building blocks of nucleic acids?
Nucleotides
