Ch7 Vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

What is fitness (for life)?

A

In general, having good nutrition, exercise habits, and refraining from chemical abuse.

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2
Q

What TWO resources do bodies require?

A

Matter and Energy

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3
Q

What 4 macromolecules do humans obtain from food?

A

Protein, carbohydrates, lipids (fats), nucleic acids

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4
Q

What are the building blocks of proteins?

A

Amino acids

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5
Q

What are the building blocks of lipids (fats)?

A

Fatty acids and glycerols

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6
Q

What are the building blocks of carbohydrates?

A

Simple sugars

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7
Q

A person’s daily energy intake is measured in…

A

kilocalories (Calories)

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8
Q

What enzyme (present in saliva) begins to break down carbohydrates?

A

amylase

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9
Q

Proteins that act as catalysts to carry out (speed up) chemical reactions.

A

enzymes

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10
Q

What are some factors that can influence the effectiveness of an enzyme?

A

temperature, pH, concentration of the enzyme or substrate, amount of time the enzyme is allowed to work

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11
Q

Breaking food into smaller pieces that can be absorbed and used by cells is called…

A

digestion (physical and chemical)

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12
Q

In cells, using molecules to synthesize (build) substances for growth or repair is called…

A

biosynthesis

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13
Q

Chemical reactions that release energy take place within what cell part?

A

mitochondria

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14
Q

The process of breaking down food to release energy is called…

A

cellular respiration (This takes place in the mitochondria and involves oxygen and water)

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15
Q

What is the molecule that can be used directly by cells to do work?

A

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

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16
Q

Functions and examples of proteins?

A

help chemical reactions take place (enzymes)
body/cell building blocks (proteins in muscle)
messengers (insulin)
transport (hemoglobin)
immunity (antibodies)

these are all examples of PROTEINS

17
Q

Functions of lipids?

A

make hormones, cell membranes, and store energy

18
Q

Functions and examples of carbs?

A

source of energy (glucose, starch, fructose)

19
Q

What are the building blocks of nucleic acids?

A

Nucleotides