Ch 11 Bio Vocab

Question 1

very long, chainlike molecule composed of small subunit molecules

Answer 1

polymer

DNA is a polymer

Question 2

composed of a sugar, phosphate, and base

Answer 2

nucleotide

subunits in nucleic acids like DNA

Question 3

Name the 4 bases in the DNA molecule

Answer 3

Adenine (A)
Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C)
Guanine (G)

Question 4

Describe “complementary base pairing”

Answer 4

The SPECIFIC bonding pattern between nucleotides:
A always goes with T
C always goes with G

Question 5

What is the term given to describe the structure/shape of a DNA molecule

Answer 5

double helix

Question 6

Process where DNA is copied

Answer 6

replication

Question 7

the “order” of bases in the DNA molecule

Answer 7

DNA sequence

Question 8

errors in the DNA replication process

Answer 8

mutations

Question 9

1) a segment of DNA that will code for a specific product in cells
2) a specific sequence of DNA bases that will code for a trait

Answer 9

gene

Question 10

different forms of a gene

Answer 10

allele

ah-LEEL

Question 11

process by which a cell uses the genetic information in genes

Answer 11

gene expression

Question 12

the nucleic acid that “reads” the DNA sequences

Answer 12

RNA

Question 13

process of producing RNA from the DNA template

Answer 13

transcription

Question 14

3 types of RNA

Answer 14

mRNA: messenger- carries info from DNA to cytoplasm
tRNA: transfer- transfers amino acids to growing protein chain
rRNA: ribosomal- forms the ribsome (site of protein assembly)

Question 15

process of converting the genetic code in an mRNA sequence into specific proteins

Answer 15

translation

this process actually links amino acids together to make proteins