Ch2 Vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

Upright walking primates (including humans)

A

Hominids

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2
Q

Long line of ancestors

A

lineage

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3
Q

group of individuals of the same species that live in the same place, at the same time

A

population

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4
Q

inherited characteristics of organisms that help them survive in their environment

A

adaptations

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5
Q

traits/characteristics that are passed from one generation to the next

A

heritable traits (inherited traits)

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6
Q

traits/characteristics that an organism obtains at some point during their life

A

acquired characteristics

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7
Q

TRUE or FALSE:Typically, more offspring are born in a population than can survive.

A

TRUE

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8
Q

TRUE or FALSE:Individual organisms within a population vary from one another in characteristics that are inherited.

A

TRUE

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9
Q

Which of these statements is TRUE:1) Natural Selection describes how populations change over time.2) Natural Selection describes how individuals change over time.

A

The first statement is true:1) Natural Selection describes how populations change over time.

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10
Q

TRUE or FALSE:Most resources available in any natural environment are unlimited.

A

FALSE!!!Most resources are limited. Therefore, there must be competition to obtain those resources!

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11
Q

When humans choose the individuals that will reproduce based on certain traits.

A

Artificial Selection

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12
Q

A scientist who investigates biological change by studying fossils and the history of Earth.

A

Paleobiologist

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13
Q

A scientist who investigates biological change by studying ancient hominids and living primates (including humans).

A

Physical anthropologist

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14
Q

study of how the layers on Earth are organized and the fossils that are found in those layers

A

stratigraphy

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15
Q

Any preserved part or impression of an organism that lived in the past

A

fossil

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16
Q

Inferring the age of fossils relative to one another by comparing the Earth layers in which they are found.

A

relative dating(or stratigraphy)

17
Q

Using naturally occurring radioactive elements to empirically determine the age of fossils.

A

Absolute dating(or direct dating)

18
Q

The scientific timespan of the Earth’s history

A

geologic time

19
Q

A comprehensive explanation of a set of natural phenomena supported by vast amounts of evidence from multiple sources.

A

scientific theory

20
Q

A tentative, but logical prediction based on observations

A

hypothesis

21
Q

common structures in different organisms

A

homologous structures

22
Q

structures that are functional in some organisms, but seemingly useless in others

A

vestigial organs

23
Q

study of the early development of organisms before they are born/hatched

A

embryology

24
Q

combined genetic information for ALL the members of a population

A

gene pool

25
Q

when two populations of organisms are unable to reproduce with each other

A

reproductive isolation(over time, this can lead to new species)