Ch4 Vocab

Question 1

things that can cause disruptions in homeostasis

Answer 1

stressors

Question 2

movements of molecules across a membrane without the use of energy

Answer 2

passive transport (molecules move “down” a concentration gradient)

Question 3

cell part that can kill bacteria and viruses

Answer 3

lysosome

Question 4

a membrane’s ability to allow some molecules to cross while blocking others

Answer 4

selectively permeable (selective permeability)

Question 5

a solution in which the concentration of solutes outside the cell is LESS that the concentrations of solutes inside the cell

Answer 5

hypotonic solution (hypo = under, less)

Question 6

process by which molecules move from an area where they are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated

Answer 6

diffusion

Question 7

group of organs that work together to perform a common function

Answer 7

organ system (all organ systems are invovled in exchanging materials between different parts of the body)

Question 8

observations that involve descriptions; observations that are relative; subjective

Answer 8

qualitative observations

Question 9

compartment within cells that perform specific functions

Answer 9

organelle

Question 10

choosing ones behavior in order to minimize a stressful external situation

Answer 10

behavioral response example: seeking shelter from extreme heat or cold

Question 11

all factors that might affect the outcome of an experiment

Answer 11

variables (good controlled experiments only test ONE variable at a time)

Question 12

observations that can be measured

Answer 12

quantitative observations (think quantity)

Question 13

a solution in which the concentration of solutes outside the cell EQUALS the concentration of solutes inside the cell

Answer 13

isotonic solution (iso = equal)

Question 14

a solution in which the concentration of solutes outside of the cell is GREATER than the concentration of solutes inside the cell

Answer 14

hypertonic solution (hyper = over, more)

Question 15

uniform mixture of 2 or more substances

Answer 15

solution (solute: gets dissolved) (solvent: does the dissolving)

Question 16

blood vessels that carry blood AWAY from the heart

Answer 16

arteries

Question 17

organ system that: 1) delivers air to the lungs 2) moves oxygen from lungs into the blood 3) moves carbon dioxide from the blood into the lungs

Answer 17

gas exchange system (respiratory system)

Question 18

organisms’ internal systems maintain a dynamic equilibrium

Answer 18

homeostasis (processes that keep internal systems in balance when external conditions keep changing)

Question 19

organ system that: 1) transports oxygen, nutrients, and other substances to cells 2) carries waste products from cells

Answer 19

circulatory system

Question 20

the smallest of blood vessels, where there is a direct exchange of materials between the blood and other body tissues

Answer 20

capillaries

Question 21

forms the boundary between the inside of the cell and the outside environment

Answer 21

cell membrane

Question 22

an outer rigid boundary of plant cells

Answer 22

cell wall (also found in some fungi, bacteria, and protist cells) (NOT in animal cells)

Question 23

protein molecues on the surface of the cell membrane that bind to specific molecules

Answer 23

receptors (usually when a specific molecule binds to a receptor on the outside, it triggers a response on the inside)

Question 24

the name referring to the structure of a cell membrane

Answer 24

“lipid bilayer” (lipid, or fat molecules, are arranged in two layers)

Question 25

when proteins form channels that allow substances to move down their concentration gradient either into or out of the cell

Answer 25

facilitated diffusion

Question 26

the “normal” condition or specimen in an experiment that has not been altered

Answer 26

control (this is what you compare your experimental results to)

Question 27

when two different concentrations are separated by a barrier

Answer 27

concentration gradient (usually there is a concentration gradient on opposite sides of a cell membrane)

Question 28

the movement of water molecules through a membrane from where they are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated

Answer 28

osmosis (this is the “diffusion” of water molecules)

Question 29

organ system that filters the blood to eliminate wastes

Answer 29

urinary system

Question 30

movement of molecules across a cell membrane using cell energy

Answer 30

active transport (movement of molecules “against” or “up” a concentration gradient)

Question 31

cell part that contains the DNA (genetic material)

Answer 31

nucleus

Question 32

blood vessels that carry blood TOWARD the heart

Answer 32

veins