Ch4 Vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

things that can cause disruptions in homeostasis

A

stressors

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2
Q

movements of molecules across a membrane without the use of energy

A

passive transport (molecules move “down” a concentration gradient)

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3
Q

cell part that can kill bacteria and viruses

A

lysosome

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4
Q

a membrane’s ability to allow some molecules to cross while blocking others

A

selectively permeable (selective permeability)

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5
Q

a solution in which the concentration of solutes outside the cell is LESS that the concentrations of solutes inside the cell

A

hypotonic solution (hypo = under, less)

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6
Q

process by which molecules move from an area where they are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated

A

diffusion

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7
Q

group of organs that work together to perform a common function

A

organ system (all organ systems are invovled in exchanging materials between different parts of the body)

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8
Q

observations that involve descriptions; observations that are relative; subjective

A

qualitative observations

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9
Q

compartment within cells that perform specific functions

A

organelle

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10
Q

choosing ones behavior in order to minimize a stressful external situation

A

behavioral response example: seeking shelter from extreme heat or cold

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11
Q

all factors that might affect the outcome of an experiment

A

variables (good controlled experiments only test ONE variable at a time)

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12
Q

observations that can be measured

A

quantitative observations (think quantity)

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13
Q

a solution in which the concentration of solutes outside the cell EQUALS the concentration of solutes inside the cell

A

isotonic solution (iso = equal)

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14
Q

a solution in which the concentration of solutes outside of the cell is GREATER than the concentration of solutes inside the cell

A

hypertonic solution (hyper = over, more)

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15
Q

uniform mixture of 2 or more substances

A

solution (solute: gets dissolved) (solvent: does the dissolving)

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16
Q

blood vessels that carry blood AWAY from the heart

A

arteries

17
Q

organ system that: 1) delivers air to the lungs 2) moves oxygen from lungs into the blood 3) moves carbon dioxide from the blood into the lungs

A

gas exchange system (respiratory system)

18
Q

organisms’ internal systems maintain a dynamic equilibrium

A

homeostasis (processes that keep internal systems in balance when external conditions keep changing)

19
Q

organ system that: 1) transports oxygen, nutrients, and other substances to cells 2) carries waste products from cells

A

circulatory system

20
Q

the smallest of blood vessels, where there is a direct exchange of materials between the blood and other body tissues

A

capillaries

21
Q

forms the boundary between the inside of the cell and the outside environment

A

cell membrane

22
Q

an outer rigid boundary of plant cells

A

cell wall (also found in some fungi, bacteria, and protist cells) (NOT in animal cells)

23
Q

protein molecues on the surface of the cell membrane that bind to specific molecules

A

receptors (usually when a specific molecule binds to a receptor on the outside, it triggers a response on the inside)

24
Q

the name referring to the structure of a cell membrane

A

“lipid bilayer” (lipid, or fat molecules, are arranged in two layers)

25
Q

when proteins form channels that allow substances to move down their concentration gradient either into or out of the cell

A

facilitated diffusion

26
Q

the “normal” condition or specimen in an experiment that has not been altered

A

control (this is what you compare your experimental results to)

27
Q

when two different concentrations are separated by a barrier

A

concentration gradient (usually there is a concentration gradient on opposite sides of a cell membrane)

28
Q

the movement of water molecules through a membrane from where they are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated

A

osmosis (this is the “diffusion” of water molecules)

29
Q

organ system that filters the blood to eliminate wastes

A

urinary system

30
Q

movement of molecules across a cell membrane using cell energy

A

active transport (movement of molecules “against” or “up” a concentration gradient)

31
Q

cell part that contains the DNA (genetic material)

A

nucleus

32
Q

blood vessels that carry blood TOWARD the heart

A

veins