CH.7 - Gender

Question 1

Gender

Answer 1

expectations associated w different caategories, such as sex, the body, emotions, intellect, appearance and roles.

Question 2

Gender Inequality

Answer 2

Differences that exsist in education, income, and other opportunities based on a persons gender/orientation.

Question 3

Sex

Answer 3

Biological markers associated w/ males or females. Sex is determined by genitalia, chromosomes, and hormones.

Question 4

Binary

Answer 4

anything separated into two distinct categories.

Question 5

Hegemonic masculinity

Answer 5

stereotypical behaviours and attitudes such as being strong, brave and rational.

Question 6

Hegemonic femininity

Answer 6

A social construct including stereotypical behaviours such as being emotional, caring, and nuturing.

Question 7

Gender Indentity

Answer 7

An inner sense of belonging to one, several, or no gender(s). May not be aligned w sex

Question 8

Genderqueer

Answer 8

Identifying with one, many, or no gender.

Question 9

Genderfluid

Answer 9

A person whos gender identity changes w time and context.

Question 10

Two spirited

Answer 10

• term used by indigenous ppl
• identifies as having both a masculine and feminine spirit

Question 11

Sexual Orientation

Answer 11

The gender an nindividual is attracted to

Question 12

Gender roles

Answer 12

behaviours, markers, and attitudes given to men and women in society.
* expectations varies from culture to culture
* countries w more equality favour femininity over heemonic masculinity
* patiarchy!! structuring society around male dominance
* gender roles depend on your social location in society (black women sre given more housework than white becuase white are seen as being more fraile and weak)

Question 13

Transgender

Answer 13

discrepamcy b/w the gender that an individual identifies w and the biological sex they were assigned at birth.
* trans ppl dont nessecarily match their identity to their gender
* they recieve a lot of hate from society

Question 14

Cisgender

Answer 14

a term that describes overlap b/w gender that someone identifies w and the sex they were assigned at birth
* gender identity = sex

Question 15

Conflict theory

Answer 15

• gender inequality results from struggle for economic, politcal and social power
• capatalism benefots from inequality
• gender inequality leads women to support rhw workforce w/out pay
• women provide cheapest family labour -> keep family happy and healthy = no l=cost for employers

Question 16

Functionalism

Answer 16

• gender roles and the division of labour support an efficient society
• women are well positioned to take care of children and the house while men provide for the family
• gender inequality stems from what was once an effective arrangment but failed to develop with time
• from an evolutionary standpoint women are well suited to stay at home to raise family
• gender differenciation -> stay at home father, breadwinner mothers

Question 17

Symbolic interactionism

Answer 17

• socalization and labelling shapes gender identities
• we develop a sense of self - we take into consideration how we act and do things and how people respond and use response as a way to see how to integrate that behavour into our identity.

Question 18

Feminist theory

Answer 18

• gender socialization (what it means to be a boy/girl) is socially constructed
• men and women have different gender roles
• men and women are treated different (wage gap)
• patriarchy
• women expereince more discrimination in the workforce

Question 19

intersectionality

Question 20

Gender at home

Answer 20

• stereotypical roles for men and women
• women expereince a second shift
• women rely on outside resources to lessen gap in housework
• women go on mat leave which makes them more unavailable and have less value in the workplace

Question 21

Gender at work

Answer 21

• women recieve less pay -> but women do take more time off and could have less work expereince
• women spend more money on childcare servises
• racialized women earn less than white/ non-racialized women

Question 22

Gender and school

Answer 22

• men are pushed to do trades and women are supposed to learn how to cook and clean
• women are more likely than men to get a degree and masters
• more men in stem than women, could be due to social roles

Question 23

Gender-based violence

Answer 23

• women are more often victims of violence and usually to people that they know, and are less likey to report crime
• there is confusion b/w consensual and non consensual sex
• sexual assault usually goes unreported as it is isnt seen as important enough.

Question 24

IPV and Victimization

Answer 24

• physical, sexual, and emotional abuse -> can cause stress, anxiety and suicidal thoughts
• women are at a higher risk of IPV, and women who were abused in childhood are at a higher risk of being abused later in life
• most ppl have a hard time leaving an abusive relationship bcs they think the person will change and they are scareed of being more abused, they could rely on thier partner finacially and is difficult to leave once children are invloved.

Question 25

Victimization and indigenous women

Answer 25

• overrepresented as victims of violence and there are so mamny missing and murdered indigenous women
• ppl grow up having the idea that violence and victimization is normalized because Canada hasnt adressed the issue or how to fix it.