Ch.7 - Cell Structure Flashcards
Diagram of -Compound microscope -Plant and animal cell(under light microscope) -Plasma membrane (cell membrane).
What is a compound microscope?
A compound microscope uses an objective lens and an eyepiece lens. Its maximum magnification is approximately x1000.
What is the protoplasm?
The protoplasm is all the living parts of a cell.
What is the vacuole?
Vacuoles contain a fluid called cell sap. This is a solution of salts, sugars and pigments. Animal cells have very few or no vacuoles. The vacuole helps to give the cell strength and shape and may store materials.
What is an ultrastructure?
Ultrastructure is the detail of a structure as seen using an electron microscope.
What is an electron microscope?
Electron microscopes use a beam of electrons instead of light. They have magnifications of x250000 and higher.
What are plasma membranes made of?
Plasma membranes are composed of phospholipids and proteins. The phosphates are on the exposed outer surfaces with the lipids in the middle.
What is the function of plasma membrane?
The function of membranes include retaining the cell contents, recognising molecules that touch them, controlling what enters and leaves the cell (semi-permeable) and supporting the cell.
What is the nucleus’ function?
The nucleus is the control centre of the cell. The nucleolus makes ribosomes.
What is the nucleus made up of?
A nucleus is surrounded by a double membrane with numerous nuclear pores. The nucleus contains DNA strands. It has nuclear pores to allow mRNA in and out of the nucleus. It also has a nucleolus which is found in the middle. It contains chromatin.
What are chromatins?
Chromatins are chromosomes when they are elongated and undivided.
What is the cytoplasm?
The cytoplasm is the jelly-like liquid that surrounds the nucleus, it suspends organelles.
What is a mitochondrion?
Mitochondria are the sites of respiration, they supply energy to the cell.
What cells have many and what cells have few mitochondria?
Muscle, liver and meristems in plants have many mitochondria and produce lots of energy. Fat and ground tissue in plants have few mitochondria and produce less energy.
What is the structure of mitochondrion? Draw the ultrastructure of a mitochondrion, inactive vs active.
Mitochondria are surrounded by a double membrane. On the inner membrane on the infoldings, energy is released. The more infoldings, the greater surface area for respiration. Mitochondria contains DNA.
What are chloroplasts?
Chloroplasts are green structures in plants in which photosynthesis takes place. They contain DNA, contain chlorophyll and have membrane stacks.
Draw a diagram for a phospholipid bilayer and the structure of a membrane.
Draw 2 diagrams for the ultrastructure of an animal and plant cell.
