CH6- Memory Flashcards
What is encoding?
Picking up information and transforming it into an enduring memory
What is storage?
Process of maintaining information in memory overtime
What is retrieval?
Process of bringing information that has been previously encoded and stored
What are the three stage of memory model?
Sensory, short-term, long-term
What is the sensory memory model?
Storage that holds sensory information for a few seconds or less
What is short-term memory?
Storage that holds non sensory information for more than a few seconds but less than a minute
What are the two main type of sensory memory?
Iconic memory and echoic memory
What is a iconic memory?
A fast-decaying store of visual information
What is an echoic memory?
A fast decaying store of auditory information
What is rehearsal?
Process if keeping information in STM by mentally repeating it
What is chunking?
Combining small pieces of information into larger chunks that are easier held in STM
What is working memory?
Subsystem between STM and LTM, what is available in your mind right now and to do a task in front of you (taking an exam)
What is the long term memory?
In contrast to both sensory and SM, LTM has no capacity limit and the duration is permanent
What are the two systems of LTM?
Explicit and implicit
What is the explicit of LTM?
Memory that occurs when people consciously or intentionally retrieve past experiences
What is the implicit of LTM?
Memory that you are not aware of (walking, writing)
What is reconsolidation?
Process whereby memories can become vulnerable to disruption when they are recalled, the us requiring them to be consolidated again
What is priming?
A specific memory from the web of associations will prime the next memory
What is a retrieval cue?
External information that helps bring stored information to the mind (hints)
What is encoding specificity principle ?
Idea that retrieval cue can serve as an effective reminder when it helps re-create the specific way in which information was initially encoded
What is the state dependent retrieval?
Information tends to be better recalled when a person is in the same state during encoding and retrieval
What is the transfer appropriate processing?
Memory is likely to transfer from one situation to another when the encoding and retrieval contexts of the situation matches
What is retrieval induced forgetting?
A process whereby retrieving an item from the LTM imparts subsequent recall related items
What are the 7 memory failures?
Transience, absentmindedness, blocking, suggestibility, bias, persistence
What is transience?
Forgetting what occurs with the passage of time?
What is absentmindedness?
A lapse in attention that results in memory failure
What is blocking?
A failure to retrieve information that is available in memory, even though you are trying to produce it; also known as the tip of the tongue phenomenon
What is memory misattribution?
reassigning a recollection or an idea to the wrong source
What is suggestibility?
the tendency to incorporate misleading information from external sources into personal recollections (external input)
What is bias?
the distorting influences of present knowledge, beliefs, and feelings on recollection of previous experiences (internal input)
What is persistence?
the intrusive recollection of events that we wish we could forget
Remembering an event that you don’t necessarily want to, with or without cues
What is flashbulb memories?
PTSD, memory that flashes at any moment (amygdala involved )
