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psychology > CH6- Memory > Flashcards

CH6- Memory Flashcards

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1
Q

What is encoding?

A

Picking up information and transforming it into an enduring memory

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2
Q

What is storage?

A

Process of maintaining information in memory overtime

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3
Q

What is retrieval?

A

Process of bringing information that has been previously encoded and stored

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4
Q

What are the three stage of memory model?

A

Sensory, short-term, long-term

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5
Q

What is the sensory memory model?

A

Storage that holds sensory information for a few seconds or less

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6
Q

What is short-term memory?

A

Storage that holds non sensory information for more than a few seconds but less than a minute

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7
Q

What are the two main type of sensory memory?

A

Iconic memory and echoic memory

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8
Q

What is a iconic memory?

A

A fast-decaying store of visual information

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9
Q

What is an echoic memory?

A

A fast decaying store of auditory information

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10
Q

What is rehearsal?

A

Process if keeping information in STM by mentally repeating it

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11
Q

What is chunking?

A

Combining small pieces of information into larger chunks that are easier held in STM

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12
Q

What is working memory?

A

Subsystem between STM and LTM, what is available in your mind right now and to do a task in front of you (taking an exam)

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13
Q

What is the long term memory?

A

In contrast to both sensory and SM, LTM has no capacity limit and the duration is permanent

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14
Q

What are the two systems of LTM?

A

Explicit and implicit

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15
Q

What is the explicit of LTM?

A

Memory that occurs when people consciously or intentionally retrieve past experiences

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16
Q

What is the implicit of LTM?

A

Memory that you are not aware of (walking, writing)

17
Q

What is reconsolidation?

A

Process whereby memories can become vulnerable to disruption when they are recalled, the us requiring them to be consolidated again

18
Q

What is priming?

A

A specific memory from the web of associations will prime the next memory

19
Q

What is a retrieval cue?

A

External information that helps bring stored information to the mind (hints)

20
Q

What is encoding specificity principle ?

A

Idea that retrieval cue can serve as an effective reminder when it helps re-create the specific way in which information was initially encoded

21
Q

What is the state dependent retrieval?

A

Information tends to be better recalled when a person is in the same state during encoding and retrieval

22
Q

What is the transfer appropriate processing?

A

Memory is likely to transfer from one situation to another when the encoding and retrieval contexts of the situation matches

23
Q

What is retrieval induced forgetting?

A

A process whereby retrieving an item from the LTM imparts subsequent recall related items

24
Q

What are the 7 memory failures?

A

Transience, absentmindedness, blocking, suggestibility, bias, persistence

25
Q

What is transience?

A

Forgetting what occurs with the passage of time?

26
Q

What is absentmindedness?

A

A lapse in attention that results in memory failure

27
Q

What is blocking?

A

A failure to retrieve information that is available in memory, even though you are trying to produce it; also known as the tip of the tongue phenomenon

28
Q

What is memory misattribution?

A

reassigning a recollection or an idea to the wrong source

29
Q

What is suggestibility?

A

the tendency to incorporate misleading information from external sources into personal recollections (external input)

30
Q

What is bias?

A

the distorting influences of present knowledge, beliefs, and feelings on recollection of previous experiences (internal input)

31
Q

What is persistence?

A

the intrusive recollection of events that we wish we could forget
Remembering an event that you don’t necessarily want to, with or without cues

32
Q

What is flashbulb memories?

A

PTSD, memory that flashes at any moment (amygdala involved )

psychology (6 decks)

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