Ch.6: Lipids and CVD Flashcards
Lipids
triglycerides, phospohlipids, and sterols
All contain CHO and none dissolve in water
Fats
dissolces in organic solvents, ex benzene and ether.
CH and some O
Oils
unsaturated fatty acid
1+ double bonds
Emulsification
incr the SA of lipids and allows pancreatic lipase to efficientyl break trigylicerides into monoglycerides and free fatty acids
Micelles
water-soluble, spherical structures formed by lecithin and bile acids.
Lipids enclosed within micelles dont separate out into an oily layer, as they normally do
Chylomicron
Lipoprotein made of dietary fats that are surrounds by a shell of cholesterol, phospholipids, and protein.
Formed in absorptive cells (enterocytes) in the Small intestine after fat absorption
VLDL
very-low-density-lipoprotein; diet contains 400-800kcal per day, often in liquid form.
Consists of carbs and PSMF (Protein Sparing Modified Fats)
LDL
low-density lipoprotein; lipoprotein in the blood containing primarily cholesterol; High LDL cholesterol is linked to cardiovascular disease
HDL
High Density Lipoprotein; lipoprotein that picks up cholesterol from cells and transfers it to the liver.
Low HDL linked to cardiovascular diease
Methyl
CH3
Carboxyl
-COOH
Delta System
Describes fatty acids in relation to the carboxyl end, indicates the location of all double bonds. # carbon in chain : # double bonds n-# is placement of double bond
2 Essential Fatty Acids
Alpha-linolenic Acid: omega-3, fish, walnuts
Linoleic Acid: omega 6, oils, eggs
Role of Triglyceride
Concentrated source of energy
Insulate and cushion organs
Transport essential nutrients
Role of Body Fat
Insulate and protect the body
Phospholipid
class of fat-related substances that contain phosphorus, fatty acids, and nitrogen-containing base
Function of phospholipid
Cell membrane component
Emulsifier
Sterol
Compound containing a steroid structure and a hydroxyl group
Functions of Sterol
Make sex hormones
Make bile
Allows fat-soluble substances to move in and out of the cell
Produces Cholesterol
Major Site of Fat Digestion
Small Intestine
Short/Medium chain fatty acids go into the ____ system
cardiovascular
Monoglycerides & long chain datty acids are absorbed into the ___ system
lymphatic
where are micelles absorbed
pancreas
Chylomicron
lipoprotein made of dietary fats
How are fats transported in the blood
as chylomicrons
Good cholesterol
HDL
Bad Cholesterol
LDL
