ch 10 Flashcards
energy balance
state in which energy intake matches energy expended
positive energy balance
energy intake > energy expended
weight gained
negative energy balance
energy intake < energy expended
weight lost
energy equilibrium
energy intake = energy lost
basal metabolic rate
minimum amount of energy used by the body when fasting, awake in a warm, quiet envm
resting metabolism rate
amt of energy the body uses when the body is rested and not fasting
estimated energy requirements
estimated energy needs based on weight, height, gender, age, physical activity level
Body Mass Index
weight-for-height standard
Set point theory
theory that humans have a genetically predetermined body weight, which is regulated closely
Disordered eating
short term abnormal changes in eating pattern that occurs in relation to a stressful event
eating disorder
severe alterations in eating patterns linked to physiological chamges
Major body functions of energy (5)
basal metabolism phys activity digestion aborption processing ingested nutr
Basal metabolism accounts for
60-70% of total energy expenditure
ways to reduce bmr (2)
get more muscle
burn more calories
lean body mass is key
ways to incr bmr
incr body SA
stress
smoking
Hunger
physiological drive
Appetite
psychological drive
satiety is regulated by (4)
sensory of food
knowing food has been eaten
chewing
expansion of stomach
Leptin
reduced food intake which decr body fat
ghrelin
endorphins and hormones stimulate appetite and incr food intake
BMI formula
kg/height squared
healthy bmi
18.5-24
overweight bmi
25-30
obese bmi
> 30
what % of americans are overweight
70
Upper body fat distribution
causes CDV, hypertension, type 2 diabetes
Abdominal fat distribution
greatest risk
apple shape changes
Body fat % & waist circumference of men
25+%
> 40inch
Body fat % & waist circumference of women
35%+
>35inch
3 components of weight loss program
control energy intake
reg phys activity
control of behavioral problems
characteristics of safe weight loss (5)
rate of loss flexibility intake behavior modification overall health
4 behaviors of weight loss maintenance
eat a low fat, high carb diet
eat breakfast
self monitor
phys activity plan
Susceptible to eating disorders (4)
female
genetics
psychological
physical
Anorexia nervosa
extreme weight loss
distorted body image
fear of obesity
effects of anorexia
slow metabolic rate slow heart rate rough skin hair loss constipation muscle tears
Bulimia nervosa
binge eating & purging
at or slightly above normal weight
turns to food when faced with problems
Physical effects of bulimia
teeth decay
low potassium
swollen glands
stomach ulcers
obesity & cancer relation
fat tissue leads to overproduction of estrogen and other hormones that play a role in breast and endocrine related cancers
Predictors of childhood obesity (3)
home envm
tv viewing
soft drink consumption
what % of kids are obese
18
Characteristics of overweight child (3)
taller
advanced bone age
earlier sexual maturity
diseases in obese kids (4)
type 2 diabetes
high cholesterol
high blood pressure
psychological prob
how to help overweight kids
change eating habits and activity patterns, but do not diet
relationship of tv viewing and childhood obesity
kids that watch 4+ hrs of tv are 40% likely to be overweight
recommended exercise for kids
60 min
determinants of kids being physically active (4)
schol & neighborhood safety
PR programs
watching tv
playing active games
weightloss meds for kids
xenical & alli for 12+
why shouldnt we diet a child
slow linear growth
begin eating disorders
% of kids that drink 9+ oz of soda
32
problems with high protein/low CHO diet (4)
reduced glycogen synthesis & water
forces liver to produce glucose
only short term results
incr LDL
effects of yoyo dieting (4)
lose muscle/gain back fat
difficult to lose weight, easy to gain
incr waist to hip ratio
fatty food preference
qsymia
belviq
xenical
prescription weight loss drugs
