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FSN 210 > Ch.4: Digestion > Flashcards

Ch.4: Digestion Flashcards

1
Q

Organ

A

structure consisting of cells and tissues that perform a specific function in an organism

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2
Q

organ system

A

group of organs classified as a unit bc they work together to perform a function

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3
Q

ATP

A

adenosine triphosphate

Chemical that supplies energy for cellular processes and reactions

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4
Q

Digestion

A

process by which large ingested molecules are mechanically and chemically broken down to produce smaller molecules that can be absorbed across the wall of the GI tract

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5
Q

Absorption

A

nutrient molecules are absorbed by the GI tract and enter the bloodstream

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6
Q

Peristalsis

A

rhythmic waves of contraction/relaxation of muscles to move through GI tract toward the anus

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7
Q

Segmentation

A

a back and forth action of the small intestine breaks apart contents of small intestine into increasingly smaller pieces and mixes them with digestive juices

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8
Q

Enterohepatic circulation

A

continual recycling of compounds between the small intestine and the liver
(hepatic=liver)

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9
Q

Layers of the GI tract

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
SMerosa
Villi Microvilli

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10
Q

Mucosa

A

internal skin separates food from the interior body

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11
Q

submucosa

A

loose connective tissue, glands, blood vessels, and nerves.

Blood vessels carry substances & nutrients to and from the GI tract

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12
Q

Serosa

A

protects the GI tract

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13
Q

Villi

A

fingerlike protrusions into the small intestine that participate in digestion and absorption of food components

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14
Q

Microvilli

A

microscopic, hairlike projections of the cell membranes of certain epithelial cells

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15
Q

Roles of the Stomach in Digestion

A 
secretes Gastric Juice
Mixes food with enzymes and acid
Kills mircoorganisms
Secretes Intrinsic Factor (for B12)
Releases chyme into the Small Intestine
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16
Q

Liver in Digestion

A

produces bile to aid fat digestion and absorption

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17
Q

Gallbladder in Digestion

A

Stores and Concentrates bile and releases it into the Small Intestine

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18
Q

Pancreas in Digestion

A

Secretes pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes and biocarbonate into the small intestine

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19
Q

Small Intestine in Digestion

A

Mixes chyme with bil and pancreatic juices to complete remaining residue to large intestine digestion, absorbs nutrients and other compounds in foods

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20
Q

Large Intestine/Colon in Digestion

A

Absorbs water and electrolytes (sodium & potassium), Forms and stores Feces, and Expels Feces

21
Q

Rectum

A

Holds and expels feces

22
Q

Sequence of the GI tract (10 steps)

A 
mouth
esophagus
stomach
liver
gallbladder
pancreas
small 
large
rectum
anus
23
Q

Forms of Absorption in the Small Intestine

A 
Passive Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
Active Transport
Endocytosis
Absorbs 90% water
24
Q

Pyloric Sphincter

A

controls the flow of stomach contents into the small intestine

25
Q

Hepatopancreatic Sphincter

A

Controls the flow of bile and pancreatic juices from the common bile and pancreatic ducts into the small intestine

26
Q

Ileocecal Valve

A

prevents contents of the large intestine from reentering the small intestine

27
Q

Saliva in Digestion

A

contain lysozymes that kill bacteria

contain amylase that breaks down starch

28
Q

What is in gastric juice

A

HCl
KCl
NaCl

29
Q

Functions of HCl

A

Inactivates ingested proteins
Destroys bac and viruses
Dissolves minerals
Converts pepsinogen into pepsin

30
Q

Pepsin

A

Breaks down protein

31
Q

What do parietal cells secrete

A

HCl and Intrinsic Factor

32
Q

What do chief cells secrete

A

gastric lipase

pepsin

33
Q

Why is the stomach lower in pH than the small intestine

A

Sodium bicarbonate neutralizes chyme in the stomach

34
Q

Cholecystokinin

A

Stimulates the release of pancreatic enzymes and bile
Stimulated by dietary fat in chyme
Secreted from the small intestine

35
Q

Secretin

A

Stimulates release of pancreatic bicarbonate
Stimulated by acidic chyme and as digestion progresses
Secreted from the small intestine

36
Q

Gastrin

A

Triggers the stomach to release HCl and pepsinogen and stimultes gastric and intestinal motility
Stimulated by food reaching the stomach
Stored in the stomach and duodenum

37
Q

Structures on the surface area of the small intestine

A

villi and microvilli

38
Q

passive diffusion

A

diffusion without a carrier nor energy

39
Q

facilitated diffusion

A

diffusion with a carrier protein

40
Q

active transport

A

diffusion with both energy and a carrier protein

41
Q

Phagosytosis

A

cells engulf compounds

42
Q

Pinocytosis

A

cells engulf liquids

43
Q

How are Water Soluble nutrients transported

A

Through the cardiovascular system

44
Q

How are Fat Soluble Nutrients absorbed

A

Through lacteals in villi

45
Q

3 main funct of large intestine

A

house microbiata
absorb water and electrolytes
form and expel feces

46
Q

Probiotic v Prebiotic

A

Probiotic: live microorganisms that colonize the large intestine
Prebiotic: non-digestible food ingredients that promote the growth of beneficial bacteria

47
Q

Ulcer Prevention

A 
Stop smoking
Avoid large doses of aspirin
Limit caffeine, alc
Limit strong spices
Chew food well
Lose weight
48
Q

Heartburn Prevention

A

Same as Ulcer Prevention
Wait 2 hours before laying own after a meal
Portion meals
Elevate head of the bed

FSN 210 (8 decks)

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