Ch.5 Social Groups + Formal Organizations Flashcards

1
Q

red-tape

A

excessive bureaucracy or adherence to rules or formalities

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2
Q

What are dysfunctions of bureaucracies?

A
  • red tape
  • lack of communication between units
  • bureaucratic alienation
  • resisting alienation
  • bureaucratic incompetence
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3
Q

Peter principle

A

hard workers go higher up in the hierarchy until they cant confidently do their job anymore

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4
Q

Self-fulfilling stereotypes

A

everyone that becomes higher up must be similar to current person in power

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5
Q

Small groups

A

each member interacts with another

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6
Q

Dyad

A

two people

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7
Q

Triad

A

three people

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8
Q

What happens as groups become larger?

A

they have more stability and less intimacy

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9
Q

How does group size affect attitudes and behaviors?

A
  • increase in size increases formality

- also diffuses responsibility

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10
Q

What are the types of leadership?

A
  • instrumental

- expressive

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11
Q

Instrumental

A

the person that keeps people on task

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12
Q

Expressive

A

keeps group emotionally and socially cohesive

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13
Q

What are the leadership styles?

A
  • authoritarian
  • democratic
  • Laissez-Faire
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14
Q

Authoritarian

A

make orders and expect compliance

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15
Q

Democratic

A

gives options to develop consensus from the group

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16
Q

Laissez-Faire

A

unstructured when it comes to guidance of the group

17
Q

Asch Experiment

A
  • proved that people succumb to peer pressure

- people told to match two lines on cards while other people were saying the wrong answer

18
Q

Milgram experiment

A
  • proves people follow orders from authority figures

- subjects were giving “learners” severe shocks because they were told to

19
Q

Aggregate

A

individuals who temporarily share the same physical space but who do not see themselves as belonging together

20
Q

Category

A

people, objects, and events tat have similar characteristics and are classified together

21
Q

Primary group

A

a small group characterized by cooperative, intimate, long term, face to face relationships

22
Q

Secondary group

A

compared with a primary group, a larger, relatively temporary, more anonymous, formal, and impersonal group based on some interest or activity

23
Q

Voluntary associations

A

groups made up of people who voluntarily organize on the basis of some mutual interest

24
Q

Iron law of oligarchy

A

the tendency of formal organizations to be dominated by small, self-perpetuating elite

25
Q

In-group

A

a group toward which one feels loyalty

26
Q

Out-group

A

a group towards which one feels antagonism

27
Q

Reference group

A

a group whose standards we refer to as we evaluate ourselves

28
Q

Social network

A

the social ties radiating outward from the self that link people together

29
Q

Clique

A

a cluster of people within a larger group who choose to interact with one another

30
Q

Bureaucracy

A

a formal organization with a hierarchy of authority and a clear division of labor

31
Q

Goal displacement

A

an organization replacing old goals with new ones

32
Q

Mcdonaldization of society

A

the process by which ordinary aspects of life are rationalized and efficiency comes to rule them

33
Q

Alienation

A

Marx’s term for workers lack of connection to the product of their labor

34
Q

Hidden corporate culture

A

stereotypes of the traits that make for high-performing and under-performing workers which end up producing both types of workers

35
Q

Coalition

A

the alignment of some members of a group against others

36
Q

Groupthink

A

a narrowing of thought by a group of people, leading to the perception that there is only one correct answer and that to even suggest alternatives is a sign of disloyalty

37
Q

What do all bureaucracies have?

A
  • separate levels with assignments flowing downward while accountability flows upwards
  • a division of labor
  • written rules
  • written communications and records
  • impersonality and replaceability