Ch. 12 Marriage and Family

Question 1

What is a family?

Answer 1

people who consider themselves related by blood, marriage, or adoption

Question 2

What familial themes are universal?

Answer 2

mechanisms for governing mate selection, reckoning descent, and establishing inheritance and authority

Question 3

What is the functionalist perspective on the family?

Answer 3

Functionalists examine the functions and dysfunctions of the family and how that benefits or negatively affects society

Question 4

What is the conflict perspective on family?

Answer 4

They focus on inequalities of marriage, specifically power imbalances between husbands and wives

Question 5

What is the symbolic interactionist perspective on family?

Answer 5

They examine the contrasting experiences and perspectives of men and women throughout marriage.

Question 6

What are the major elements of the family life cycle?

Answer 6

love and courtship, marriage, child birth, child rearing, and the family later in life

Question 7

How significant is race/ethnicity in family?

Answer 7

The primary disfunction presents itself in class, not in race or ethnicity. Families of similar social class are going to have similar problems regardless of race

Question 8

What major changes characterize US families?

Answer 8

postponment of marriage, increase in cohabitation, and conception is occuring later in life

Question 9

What uis the current divorce rate?

Answer 9

anywhere between 2 and 40%

Question 10

What is the likely future of marriage and family?

Answer 10

increase in cohabitation, births to unmarried women, and age in marriage

Question 11

Polygyny

Answer 11

a form of marriage in which a man has more than one wife

Question 12

Polyandry

Answer 12

a woman has more than one husband

Question 13

What is a household composed of?

Answer 13

people who occupy the same housing unit

Question 14

Nuclear family

Answer 14

a family consisting of husband, wife, and 2 kids

Question 15

Extended family

Answer 15

relatives that live with the parents and kids

Question 16

Family of orientation

Answer 16

the family in which a person grows up

Question 17

Family of procreation

Answer 17

family formed when a couple’s first child is born

Question 18

Marriage

Answer 18

a group’s mating arrangements, usually marked by rituals to indicate status

Question 19

Endogamy

Answer 19

members must marry within their group

Question 20

Exogamy

Answer 20

members marry outside their group

Question 21

System of descent

Answer 21

the way people trace kinship

Question 22

Bilineal system

Answer 22

society set up to recognize relations on both the mother and father’s side

Question 23

Patrilineal

Answer 23

society that only recognizes descent only from the fathers side

Question 24

Matrilineal

Answer 24

society that only recognizes descent only from the mothers side

Question 25

Patriarchy

Answer 25

men dominate women

Question 26

Matriarchy

Answer 26

women dominate men

Question 27

Egalitarian

Answer 27

men and women are equal

Question 28

Why do functionalists think that family is universal?

Answer 28

They believe all families should fulfill 6 things: - economic productions - socialization of children - care of sick - recreation - sexual control - reproduction

Question 29

What are the functionalists critique on the nuclear family?

Answer 29

emotional overload may result because there are less people to distribute the problems through

Question 30

Historically, who has the marital power?

Answer 30

the husband

Question 31

In modern day, who has more control over decisions in the home?

Answer 31

the wife

Question 32

What are the key findings of symbolic interactionists?

Answer 32

- women are working more than they have historically - men are doing more housework - BOTH women and men are spending more time on child care - husbands still bring in more income on average

Question 33

Romantic love

Answer 33

erotic attraction accompanied by the idealization of one another

Question 34

What are two components of romantic love?

Answer 34

emotional and cognitive

Question 35

Homogamy

Answer 35

the tendency to marry people with similar characteristics

Question 36

Why does homogamy happen?

Answer 36

spatial nearness

Question 37

When did the 2 children average emerge and why?

Answer 37

the 1970's because of increases in birth control, the sexual revolution, and women working more

Question 38

Who takes care of the child when the wife is working?

Answer 38

the husband

Question 39

Who takes care of the children when a single mother is working?

Answer 39

grandparents

Question 40

What do middle class parents believe about their children?

Answer 40

- need to be tended like a garden | - push them into activities that will develop skills

Question 41

What do working class parents believe about their children?

Answer 41

- children blossom on their own - set limits - let children explore their own interests

Question 42

Why are US children leaving home later?

Answer 42

higher education and higher establishing household cost

Question 43

Transitional adulthood

Answer 43

how people become adults

Question 44

Widowhood effect

Answer 44

death impact is so strong that the survivor tends to die earlier than expected

Question 45

What are characteristics of black families in poverty?

Answer 45

high birth and divorce rate

Question 46

What are characteristics of black families in middle class?

Answer 46

focused on achievement and responsibility

Question 47

What are characteristics of black families in upper-middle class?

Answer 47

children marry later

Question 48

What are common characteristics of a latino family?

Answer 48

- loyal to extended relatives | - machismo, has declined recently though

Question 49

What are common characteristics of asian american families?

Answer 49

- more likely to grow up with both parents | - more liekly to use shame and guilt rather than physical means to discipline

Question 50

What are common characteristics of native american families?

Answer 50

- should they follow tradition or assimilate? - permissive with their childre nand avoid physical discipline - elders play an active role

Question 51

Why is there an increase in one-parent families?

Answer 51

- increase in divorce rates | - take longer to get married

Question 52

What do couples with no kids do?

Answer 52

pursue careers, travel, and have less stress

Question 53

Blended families

Answer 53

a family whose members were once part of other families

Question 54

What are the struggles of same-sex couples?

Answer 54

They have the same problems as heterosexual couples: housework, money, careers, etc.

Question 55

Where do major distinctions between homosexual and heterosexual come from?

Answer 55

homosexual couples have a societal stigma

Question 56

How has family shifted as time goes on?

Answer 56

- people get married later | - people have children later

Question 57

Why are people having children later?

Answer 57

cohabitation

Question 58

Cohabitation

Answer 58

unmarried couples living together in a sexual relationship

Question 59

What effect does cohabitation have on children?

Answer 59

they have a negative effect on children because cohabitation relationships tend to be more unstable `

Question 60

Sandwich generation

Answer 60

people who find themselves responsible for both elders and children

Question 61

Why is the divorce rate a misrepresentation?

Answer 61

the 1 million divorces rarely are from the 2 million new marriages each year

Question 62

What effects does divorce have on children?

Answer 62

They are more likely to have behavioral problems, poor grades, and get in trouble with the law

Question 63

How does relationships with parents effect divorce?

Answer 63

a child with a good relatioship with both parents has a better likelihood of having no issues

Question 64

Do father's see their children after divorce?

Answer 64

The most common pattern isthat they see their kids frequently, but there are also similar number of father's that have little contact

Question 65

What percent of new marriages constitute atleast 1 member who was previously married?

Answer 65

20%

Question 66

What are some problems with remarriage?

Answer 66

relationships are hard to define

Question 67

What are key findings surrounding domestic abuse?

Answer 67

- men and women who are married attack each other at the same rate - husbands are more liekly to injure wives

Question 68

What are key findings surrounding child abuse?

Answer 68

2 million reported cases of child abuse, 700,000 WERE child abuse

Question 69

What are key findings surrounding marital rape?

Answer 69

- 14% of women have reported that their husbands have raped them - marital rape victims are more likely to not report their SA

Question 70

What are key findings surrounding incest?

Answer 70

- most likely to occur in families that are isolated | - offenders are mostly 13-15, victims are 12 years or younger

Question 71

When are couples most happy?

Answer 71

when they spemnd leisure time together, agree how to spend money, and get along with their in-laws

Question 72

Why should we take the divorce statistic with a grain of salt?

Answer 72

All marriages do not determine your specific marriage. If you believe you marriage will fail, it it more likely to.