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Intro To Sociology > Ch. 1 Sociological Perspective > Flashcards

Ch. 1 Sociological Perspective Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Socio

A

Group that shares, unites, or aligns

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2
Q

Culture

A

Language, traditions, habits

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3
Q

Social Location

A

Job, income, education, gender, age, ethnicity, race

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4
Q

What did C. Wright Mills theorize

A
  • urged sociologists to consider social reform because there was a threat of freedom from business leaders
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5
Q

External influences

A

Our experiences become part of our thinking and motivation

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6
Q

Sociological imagination

A

Theorized that our minds allow us to grasp the connection between history and biography

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7
Q

History

A

Location in broad streams of events

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8
Q

Biography

A

Individuals specific experiences

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9
Q

What was the way of thinking before sociology?

A

Traditional perspective, which was religion, over science

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10
Q

When did tradition start becoming hard to answer lifes questions

A

During the industrial revolution because workers were treated poorly

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11
Q

Who is the first founder of sociology

A

August comte

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12
Q

What did August Comte do?

A
  • analyzed how societies change due to the French Revolution

- stressed scientific method but did not apply it in his research

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13
Q

What were Herbert Spencer’s main ideas?

A
  • helping the poor was wrong because they were less fit
  • did not believe sociologists should guide social reform
  • essential a lower-higher class system
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14
Q

What were Karl Marx’s ideas?

A
  • root of human misery lay in class conflict
  • exploitation of workers by capitalists
  • workers overthrowing capitalists was inevitable
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15
Q

What were Emile Durkheim’s ideas?

A
  • he compared suicide rates in multiple different countries and uncovered that people are more likely to commit suicide when community ties are weak
  • Social integration -
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16
Q

Social Integration

A

The degree to which people are tied to their social group

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17
Q

What were Max Weber’s ideas?

A
  • society was dependent upon religion
  • all underlying thoughts were influenced by religion
  • spirit of capitalism
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18
Q

Spirit of Capitalism

A

Salvation through hard work

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19
Q

Why did Weber disagree with Marx?

A

Marx believed economics came from social change but Weber believed it was due to religion

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20
Q

Which author published books about race?

A

W.E.B Du Bois

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21
Q

Who founded Hull House?

A

Jane Addams

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22
Q

What is Hull House?

A

Helped immigrants

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23
Q

Basic sociology

A

Analyzing sociology only to gain knowledge

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24
Q

Applied sociology

A

Using sociology to solve society’s problems

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25
Q

Public sociology

A

Using socio perspective for public benefit

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26
Q

Symbolic Interactionism

A
  • how people use symbols in every day life

- changing meaning effects expectations

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27
Q

Who founded the idea of symbolic interactionism?

A

George mead

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28
Q

Functional analysis

A
  • society is made up of interrelated parts that work together
  • one institution fails, society struggles
29
Q

Conflict theory

A
  • struggle between groups for power

- rooted in economics

30
Q

When did conflict theory begin to gain popularity and why?

A

The 1960’s because of the civil rights movement

31
Q

Micro or Macro?: functional + conflict theory

A

Macro

32
Q

Mean

A

Average of all numbers

33
Q

Median

A

Middle numbers

34
Q

Mode

A

Number that occurs the most

35
Q

Participation observation

A

Researcher participates in the way of life they are studying

36
Q

Case study

A

researcher focuses on a single topic

37
Q

Secondary Analysis

A

Analyze data collected by others

38
Q

Correlation

A

Two variables exist together

39
Q

Temporal priority

A

One thing happens before something else

independent variable must precede the dependent variable

40
Q

Spurious correlation

A

Cause may be a third variable

41
Q

Perfect positive correlation

A

The variables are always present together

42
Q

Perfect negative correlation

A

One variable is present, the other is absent

43
Q

Tearoom Trade

A

Controversial sociological study that is criticized because the participants did not know they were being studied and were misrepresented

44
Q

Sociological perspective

A

Understanding human behavior bt placing it within its broader social context

45
Q

Society

A

People who share a culture and territory

46
Q

Bourgeoisie

A

Capitalists

47
Q

Proletariat

A

Exploited class of workers

48
Q

Patterns of behavior

A

Recurring behaviors or events

49
Q

Theory

A

A general statement about how some parts of the world fit together and how they work

50
Q

Macro-level analysis

A

Large-scale examination of patterns in society

51
Q

Micro-level analysis

A

Small-scale analysis of patterns in society

52
Q

Nonverbal Interaction

A

Communication without words through gestures, use of space, silence, etc.

53
Q

Operational definition

A

The way in which researcher measures a variable

54
Q

Population

A

A target group to be studied

55
Q

Sample

A

The individuals that represent the population to be studied

56
Q

Random sample

A

A sample in which everyone in targeted population has the same chance of being included in the study

57
Q

Stratified random sample

A

A sample from selected subgroups of the target population in which those subgroups has an equal chance of being included

58
Q

Rapport

A

A feeling of trust between researchers and the people they are studying

59
Q

Unobtrusive measures

A

Ways of observing people so they do not know they are being studied

60
Q

When did sociology first appear as a separate discipline?

A
  • emerged mid-1800’s in western Europe during the industrial revolution
61
Q

What was the position of women and minorities in early sociology?

A
  • tended to focus on social reform
62
Q

Why are the positions of Parsons and mills important?

A

Mills criticized Parsons’ abstract analysis of components of society and said that it does nothing for social reform which should be the goal. The significance of this debate is that is still continued today.

63
Q

What is the relationship between theory and research?

A
  • theory and research depend on each other

- theory generates questions to be answered by research

64
Q

Explain why common sense is unreliable

A

common sense ideas are often limited or false

65
Q

What are the eight basic steps of sociological research?

A
  • selecting a topic
  • defining the problem
  • reviewing the literature
  • hypothesis
  • choosing a research method
  • collecting data
  • analyzing the results
  • sharing results
66
Q

How do sociologists gather data?

A
  • surveys
  • participant observation
  • case studies
  • secondary analysis
  • documents
  • experiments
  • unobtrusive methods
67
Q

How can gender affect research?

A

gender can lead to interviewer bias with participants shaping their responses based on the gender of the researcher

68
Q

How important are ethics in sociological research?

A

ethics are of fundamental concern.

Intro To Sociology (9 decks)

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