Ch. 1 Sociological Perspective

Question 1

Socio

Answer 1

Group that shares, unites, or aligns

Question 2

Culture

Answer 2

Language, traditions, habits

Question 3

Social Location

Answer 3

Job, income, education, gender, age, ethnicity, race

Question 4

What did C. Wright Mills theorize

Answer 4

• urged sociologists to consider social reform because there was a threat of freedom from business leaders

Question 5

External influences

Answer 5

Our experiences become part of our thinking and motivation

Question 6

Sociological imagination

Answer 6

Theorized that our minds allow us to grasp the connection between history and biography

Question 7

History

Answer 7

Location in broad streams of events

Question 8

Biography

Answer 8

Individuals specific experiences

Question 9

What was the way of thinking before sociology?

Answer 9

Traditional perspective, which was religion, over science

Question 10

When did tradition start becoming hard to answer lifes questions

Answer 10

During the industrial revolution because workers were treated poorly

Question 11

Who is the first founder of sociology

Answer 11

August comte

Question 12

What did August Comte do?

Answer 12

• analyzed how societies change due to the French Revolution

- stressed scientific method but did not apply it in his research

Question 13

What were Herbert Spencer’s main ideas?

Answer 13

• helping the poor was wrong because they were less fit
• did not believe sociologists should guide social reform
• essential a lower-higher class system

Question 14

What were Karl Marx’s ideas?

Answer 14

• root of human misery lay in class conflict
• exploitation of workers by capitalists
• workers overthrowing capitalists was inevitable

Question 15

What were Emile Durkheim’s ideas?

Answer 15

• he compared suicide rates in multiple different countries and uncovered that people are more likely to commit suicide when community ties are weak
• Social integration -

Question 16

Social Integration

Answer 16

The degree to which people are tied to their social group

Question 17

What were Max Weber’s ideas?

Answer 17

• society was dependent upon religion
• all underlying thoughts were influenced by religion
• spirit of capitalism

Question 18

Spirit of Capitalism

Answer 18

Salvation through hard work

Question 19

Why did Weber disagree with Marx?

Answer 19

Marx believed economics came from social change but Weber believed it was due to religion

Question 20

Which author published books about race?

Answer 20

W.E.B Du Bois

Question 21

Who founded Hull House?

Answer 21

Jane Addams

Question 22

What is Hull House?

Answer 22

Helped immigrants

Question 23

Basic sociology

Answer 23

Analyzing sociology only to gain knowledge

Question 24

Applied sociology

Answer 24

Using sociology to solve society’s problems

Question 25

Public sociology

Answer 25

Using socio perspective for public benefit

Question 26

Symbolic Interactionism

Answer 26

- how people use symbols in every day life | - changing meaning effects expectations

Question 27

Who founded the idea of symbolic interactionism?

Answer 27

George mead

Question 28

Functional analysis

Answer 28

- society is made up of interrelated parts that work together - one institution fails, society struggles

Question 29

Conflict theory

Answer 29

- struggle between groups for power | - rooted in economics

Question 30

When did conflict theory begin to gain popularity and why?

Answer 30

The 1960's because of the civil rights movement

Question 31

Micro or Macro?: functional + conflict theory

Answer 31

Macro

Question 32

Mean

Answer 32

Average of all numbers

Question 33

Median

Answer 33

Middle numbers

Question 34

Mode

Answer 34

Number that occurs the most

Question 35

Participation observation

Answer 35

Researcher participates in the way of life they are studying

Question 36

Case study

Answer 36

researcher focuses on a single topic

Question 37

Secondary Analysis

Answer 37

Analyze data collected by others

Question 38

Correlation

Answer 38

Two variables exist together

Question 39

Temporal priority

Answer 39

One thing happens before something else | *independent variable must precede the dependent variable*

Question 40

Spurious correlation

Answer 40

Cause may be a third variable

Question 41

Perfect positive correlation

Answer 41

The variables are always present together

Question 42

Perfect negative correlation

Answer 42

One variable is present, the other is absent

Question 43

Tearoom Trade

Answer 43

Controversial sociological study that is criticized because the participants did not know they were being studied and were misrepresented

Question 44

Sociological perspective

Answer 44

Understanding human behavior bt placing it within its broader social context

Question 45

Society

Answer 45

People who share a culture and territory

Question 46

Bourgeoisie

Answer 46

Capitalists

Question 47

Proletariat

Answer 47

Exploited class of workers

Question 48

Patterns of behavior

Answer 48

Recurring behaviors or events

Question 49

Theory

Answer 49

A general statement about how some parts of the world fit together and how they work

Question 50

Macro-level analysis

Answer 50

Large-scale examination of patterns in society

Question 51

Micro-level analysis

Answer 51

Small-scale analysis of patterns in society

Question 52

Nonverbal Interaction

Answer 52

Communication without words through gestures, use of space, silence, etc.

Question 53

Operational definition

Answer 53

The way in which researcher measures a variable

Question 54

Population

Answer 54

A target group to be studied

Question 55

Sample

Answer 55

The individuals that represent the population to be studied

Question 56

Random sample

Answer 56

A sample in which everyone in targeted population has the same chance of being included in the study

Question 57

Stratified random sample

Answer 57

A sample from selected subgroups of the target population in which those subgroups has an equal chance of being included

Question 58

Rapport

Answer 58

A feeling of trust between researchers and the people they are studying

Question 59

Unobtrusive measures

Answer 59

Ways of observing people so they do not know they are being studied

Question 60

When did sociology first appear as a separate discipline?

Answer 60

- emerged mid-1800's in western Europe during the industrial revolution

Question 61

What was the position of women and minorities in early sociology?

Answer 61

- tended to focus on social reform

Question 62

Why are the positions of Parsons and mills important?

Answer 62

Mills criticized Parsons' abstract analysis of components of society and said that it does nothing for social reform which should be the goal. The significance of this debate is that is still continued today.

Question 63

What is the relationship between theory and research?

Answer 63

- theory and research depend on each other | - theory generates questions to be answered by research

Question 64

Explain why common sense is unreliable

Answer 64

common sense ideas are often limited or false

Question 65

What are the eight basic steps of sociological research?

Answer 65

- selecting a topic - defining the problem - reviewing the literature - hypothesis - choosing a research method - collecting data - analyzing the results - sharing results

Question 66

How do sociologists gather data?

Answer 66

- surveys - participant observation - case studies - secondary analysis - documents - experiments - unobtrusive methods

Question 67

How can gender affect research?

Answer 67

gender can lead to interviewer bias with participants shaping their responses based on the gender of the researcher

Question 68

How important are ethics in sociological research?

Answer 68

ethics are of fundamental concern.