Ch.5 Cognitive Control and Working Memory Flashcards
5.1 Cognitive control
ability to orchestrate thought and action in accordance with internal goals
5.1 Proactive Control
prepare to exercise control in future
5.1 Reactive Control
exercise control in face of current challenge cognitive control uses up our attention
5.1 Cognitive Load
the difficulty of a task. Can walk/run while listening to music or a podcast.
5.1 Cognitive overlap
how much the demands of the two tasks compete for the same kinds of mental resources
5.1 Cognitive interference
is observed when load is high ot when two tasks overlap in the resources required
5.1 automatic process
performing a tasks that requires minimal cognitive effort
5.1 controlled process
performing a task requires greater cognitive effort
5.1 Inhibition
the ability to suppress information, thoughts, or actions that may interfere with ongoing behavior
stop-signal task
a task used to measure inhibition
5.1 A continuos performance task requires
inhibition
what decreases in sustained attention
continuos performance tasks
5.1 Conflicting monitoring
when cogntive control processes detect interference
5.1 Conflict resolution
When cognitive control processes reduce interference
5.1 Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)
the central conflict monitor in the brain
5.1 The ACC is active during which 3 tasks
stroop task
stop-signal task
flanker task
5.1 Dorsal prefrontal cortex
Inhibits distracting word inference, thus reducing interference
5.1 When cognitive control fails…
the ACC performs error detection
5.1 Error detection is also known as the
“oh no” response
5.1 prediction error
whenever you do not receive the reaward or outcome you predicted
5.1 mental chronometry
studies the timing of perceptual and cognitive processing, based on measurements of reponse time to different stimuli and tasks.
5.1 Taks switching cost
speed and accuracy penalty that comes with having to switch tasks
5.1 Working memory
what the mind can temporarily store and manipulate for complex cognitive tasks
5.1 storage
maintains information when it’s no longer available in perception, a form of internal attention
5.1 Manipulation
allows the mind to do operations and transformations of information
5.1 storage and manipulation happen in
the workin memory
5.2 Central executive
primacy system for controlling attention and thinking with information stored temporarily in two storage buffers
- command center for working memory, ie., inhibition response selection and task switching
5.2 Phonological loop
stores and rehearses verbal and acoustic information
-holds sound or speech based information for 1 to 2 seconds
5.2 Visuospatial sketchpad
stores and manipulates visual information
5.2 Episodic buffer
integrates information from multiple sources to form a single episode
5.2 Articulatory rehearsal loop
- works though inner speech
- holds 7+ or -2 items
- may be better to define as chunks groupings rather than an individual item
5.2 Word length effect
working memory capacity for words or other phonological stimuli depends on the spoken duration or syllable length of the words
5.2 Acoustic similarity effect
reduced capacity of working memory for items similar in sound, compared with items that are dissimilr in sound
5.2 irrelevant speech effect
impairment of working memory by irrelevant spoken material
5.2 visual short term memory
Retains visual information over time, especially when the perceptual image is no longer available or has changed, most commonly whenever you move your eyes.
5.3 Yerkes - Dodson curve
shows how performance suffers due to anxiety, especially for difficult tasks that require a high degree of cognitive control.
Stress and anxiety take up working memory capacity that should be devoted to problem solving
5.3 Ego Depletion
when ones energy for mental activity is exhausted, impairing cognitive control and other cognitive activities
- ego refers to self and self control
5.3 cognitive control causes depletion in
the ego!
