CH5 Flashcards
nonverbal behavior
all the nonverbal actions people perform
nonverbal communication
the sending and receiving of information through appearance, objects, the environment, and behavior
nonverbal codes
distinct, organized means of expression that consists of symbols and rules for their use
kinesics
nonverbal communication sent by the body, including gestures, posture, movement, facial expressions, and eye behavior
gestures
nonverbal communication made with part of the body, including actions such as pointing, waving, or holding up a hand to direct people’s attention
illustrators
signals that accompany speech to clarify or emphasize the verbal message
emblems
gestures that stand for a specific verbal meaning
adaptors
gestures used to manage emotions
regulators
gestures used to control conversations
posture and movement
kinesics behaviors that communicate messages by how immediate or relaxed they are
immediacy
how close or involved people appear to be with each other
relaxation
the degree of tension displayed by the body
paralinguistics
all aspects of spoken language except for the words themselves; includes rate, volume, pitch, and stress
voice qualities
qualities such as pitch, rhythm, vocal range, and articulation that make up the “music” of the human voice
vocalizations
uttered sounds that do not have the structure of language
chronemics
the study of the way people use time as a message
monochronically
engaging in one task or behavior at a time
polychronically
engaging in multiple activities simultaneously
proxemics
the study of how people use spatial cues, including interpersonal distance, territoriality, and other space relationships, to communicate
intimate distance
(zero to eighteen inches) the space used when interacting with those with whom one is very close
personal distance
(eighteen inches to four feet) the space used when interacting with friends and acquaintances
social distance
(four to twelve feet) the distance most U.S. Americans use when they interact with unfamiliar others
public distance
(twelve to twenty-five feet) the distance used for public ceremonies such as lectures and performances
haptics
the study of the communicative function of touch
professional touch
type of touch used by certain workers, such as dentists, hairstylists, and hospice workers, as part of their livelihood; also known as functional touch
social-polite touch
touch that is part of daily interaction in the United States; it is more intimate than professional touch but still impersonal
friendship touch
touch that is more intimate than social-polite touch and usually conveys warmth, closeness, and caring
love-intimate touch
the touch most often used with one’s romantic partners and family
demand touching
a type of touch used to establish dominance and power
artifacts
physical objects including cars, clothing, and other material items
communicating information
using nonverbal behaviors to help clarify verbal messages and reveal attitudes and motivation
regulating interaction
using nonverbal behaviors to help manage conversational interaction
expressing and managing intimacy
using nonverbal behaviors to help convey attraction and closeness
establishing social control
using nonverbal communication to exercise influence over other people
service-task functions
using nonverbal behavior to signal close involvement between people in impersonal relationships and contexts
Microaggressions
brief and commonplace daily verbal, behavioral, and environmental indignities, whether intentional or unintentional, that communicate hostile, derogatory, or negative prejudicial slights and insults toward any group, particularly marginalized groups
congruent
verbal and nonverbal messages that express the same meaning
contradicting
verbal and nonverbal messages that send conflicting messages
