CH2

Question 1

Identity

Answer 1

who a person is; composed of individual and social categories a person identifies with, as well as the categories that others identify with that person

Question 2

Symbolic interactionism

Answer 2

individuals’ meanings for the objects, actions, and people around them arise out of social, or symbolic, interaction with others

Question 3

reflected appraisals

Answer 3

the idea that people’s self-images arise primarily from the ways that others view them and from the many messages they have received from others about who they are

Question 4

looking-glass self

Answer 4

the idea that self-image results from the images others reflect back to an individual

Question 5

particular others

Answer 5

the important people in an individual’s life whose opinions and behavior influence the various aspects of identity

Question 6

generalized other

Answer 6

the collection of roles, rules, norms, beliefs, and attitudes endorsed by the community in which a person lives

Question 7

self-fulfilling prophecy

Answer 7

when an individual expects something to occur, the expectation increases the likelihood that it will, as the expectation influences behavior

Question 8

stereotype threat

Answer 8

process in which reminding individuals of stereotypical expectations regarding important identities can impact their performance

Question 9

self-concept

Answer 9

the understanding of one’s unique characteristics as well as the similarities to, and differences from, others

Question 10

self-esteem

Answer 10

part of one’s self-concept; arises out of how one perceives and interprets reflected appraisals and social comparisons

Question 11

self-respect

Answer 11

treating others, and expecting to be treated, with respect and dignity

Question 12

performance of identity

Answer 12

the process or means by which we show the world who we think we are

Question 13

self-presentation

Answer 13

influencing others’ impressions by creating an image that is consistent with one’s personal identity

Question 14

enacting identities

Answer 14

performing scripts deemed proper for particular identities

Question 15

role expectations

Answer 15

the expectation that one will perform in a particular way because of the social role occupied

Question 16

mutable

Answer 16

subject to change

Question 17

racial identity

Answer 17

identification with a particular racial group

Question 18

multiracial identity

Answer 18

one who self-identifies as having more than one racial identity

Question 19

national identity

Answer 19

a person’s citizenship

Question 20

ethnic identity

Answer 20

identification with a particular group with which one shares some or all of these characteristics: national or tribal affiliation, religious beliefs, language, and/or cultural and traditional origins and background

Question 21

gender identity

Answer 21

how and to what extent one identifies with the social construction of masculinity and femininity

Question 22

cisgender

Answer 22

someone whose gender identity matches their biological sex

Question 23

transgender

Answer 23

someone whose gender identity does not match their biological sex

Question 24

enby

Answer 24

Someone who does not identify as either male or female, or non-binary

Question 25

sexual identity

Answer 25

which of the various categories of sexuality one identifies with

Question 26

gender fluid

Answer 26

Someone whose gender identity is not fixed but is dynamic and changes in different contexts at different times

Question 27

age identity

Answer 27

a combination of self-perception of age along with what others understand that age to mean

Question 28

social class identity

Answer 28

an informal ranking of people in a culture based on their income, occupation, education, dwelling, child-rearing habits, and other factors

Question 29

disability identity

Answer 29

identification with physical or mental impairment that substantially impact everyday life

Question 30

religious identity

Answer 30

aspect of identity defined by one’s spiritual beliefs

Question 31

intersectionality

Answer 31

Not an identity itself but refers to the ways that various identities come together in different contexts to shape our communication experiences