Ch.48 Musculoskeletal dysfunction

Question 1

Define osteopenia

Answer 1

demineralization of bone

Question 2

T/F immobilization causes a decreased metabolic rate with slowing of all systems and a decreased food intake

Answer 2

True; this leads to hypercalcemia, negative nitrogen balance secondary to muscle atrophy

Question 3

What effect does immobilization have in the cardiovascular system

Answer 3

venous stasis, which can lead to emboli and thrombi

Question 4

What is the therapeutic management for a child with a soft tissue injury

Answer 4

RICE

Question 5

Define simple (closed) fracture

Answer 5

fracture that does not produce a break in the skin

Question 6

Define open or compound fracture

Answer 6

fractures with open wound through which the line protrudes

Question 7

After the cast has dried, hot spots felt on cast surface or foul smell indicates

Answer 7

infection

Question 8

What is compartment syndrome

Answer 8

serious complication that occurs from compression of nerves, blood vessels, and muscle inside closed space

Question 9

What are the six P’s of ischemia

Answer 9

Pain
Pallor
Pulselessness
Paresthesia
Paralysis
Pressure

Question 10

How is osteomyelitis treated

Answer 10

Antiobiotics

Question 11

What is the most common causative agent for osteomyelitis

Answer 11

staph

Question 12

T/F applying ice packs will help relieve stiffness and pain for those who have JIA

Answer 12

False, moist heat is best for relieving pain and stiffness such as a warm bath

Question 13

When comparing soft tissues to children of that of an adult what is the main difference

Answer 13

Soft tissue in children is more resilient and thus, dislocations and sprains are less common

Question 14

Fractures in infants mostly occur due to

Answer 14

child abuse, fractures in infants are often non accidental

Question 15

What is uveitis

Answer 15

inflammation in the anterior chamber of the eye, which is most common in antinuclear antibody (JIA)

Question 16

Where is osteosarcoma primary tumor site in children

Answer 16

Femur

Question 17

How is osteosarcoma managed

Answer 17

surgery and chemotherapy

Question 18

When is idiopathic scoliosis become most noticeable

Answer 18

during adolescent growth spurt

Question 19

Define kyphosis

Answer 19

abnormally increase lateral angulation in the convex curvature of the spine

Question 20

Define idiopathic scoliosis

Answer 20

complex spinal deformity usually involving lateral curvature, spinal rotation, causing rib asymmetry and thoracic hypokyphosis

Question 21

Define lordosis

Answer 21

accentuation of the cervical or lumbar curvature beyond physiologic limits

Question 22

Define ankylosis

Answer 22

immobility of a joint

Question 23

List the diagnostic findings of an infant with developmental hip dysplasia

Answer 23

(a) Positive Ortolan sign -abducting thighs (clunk)
(b) Positive barlow test- adducted thighs
(c) asymmetry of gluteal folds
(d) limited hip abduction
(e) shortening of femur