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Pedi > Ch. 40 Respiratory dysfunction > Flashcards

Ch. 40 Respiratory dysfunction Flashcards

1
Q

What parts make up the upper respiratory tract

A

oropharynx
Pharynx
Larynx
Upper trachea

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2
Q

What parts make up the lower respiratory tract

A

Lower trachea, bronchi, alveoli

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3
Q

T/F Fluids should not be forced and and children should not be awaken to take fluids

A

True

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4
Q

What is nasopharyngitis

A

Common cold, caused by virus

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5
Q

How is nasopharyngitis managed

A

@ home; rest, Antipyretics, adequate hydration, cough suppressants used with caution

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6
Q

Is nasophanryngitis preventable

A

It is impossible to prevent

It spreads through secretions so avoid contact w/affected persons

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7
Q

What is Acute streptococcal pharyngitis

A

Strep throat caused by GABHS infection

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8
Q

Those who have acute streptococcal pharyngitis are at risk for

A

Rheumatic fever

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9
Q

What are the common signs of acute streptococcal pharyngitis

A

Tonsils and pharynx inflamed, strawberry tongue, pain swallowing

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10
Q

If infection is present with Acute streptococcal pharyngitis what doe we give to treat it

A

Penicillin

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11
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of tonsillitis

A

Inflammation of the tonsils

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12
Q

How do we treat tonsillitis

A

Symptomatic, antibiotics if GAHBS is present, tonsillectomy if reoccurring 3 or more a year, adenoidectomy if obstructing breathing

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13
Q

What are the contraindications of a tonsillectomy, adenoidectomy

A

Cleft palate, infection, uncontrolled systemic disease, poor anestic risk

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14
Q

What are some of the important discharge instructions one should give after a tonsillectomy

A

Avoid coughing/clearing throat (milk and pudding a, ay agitate because it coats the throat), avoid highly seasoned foods, gargles, and limit activity

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15
Q

What are some signs after a tonsillectomy of a postoperative hemorrhage

A

Frequent swallowing, tachycardia restlessness

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16
Q

What are some of the characteristics of influenza

A

Dry throat, cough, hoarseness, myalgia, flushed face, photophobia, chills, fever

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17
Q

How is influenza managed

A 
Symptomatic
Symmetrel will reduce symptoms but not cure
Rimantadine 
Zanamivir
Tamiflu
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18
Q

Which drug is used to manage symptoms of the flu and can only be used by children over 1yr

A

Rimantadine

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19
Q

Which drug used to manage symptoms of the flu can be used by all age groups

A

Tamiflu

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20
Q

Define Otitis media

A

Inflammation of the middle ear without reference to a pathogenesis

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21
Q

Define Acute Otitis media

A

Inflammation of the middle ear w/signs of infection

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22
Q

Define Otitis media w/effusion

A

Inflammation in the middle ear w/o symptoms of acute infection

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23
Q

Define middle ear effusion

A

Fluid in the middle ear w/o reference to a pathogenesis

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24
Q

T/F breastfeed infants have lower incidence of Otitis media a

A

True

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25
Describe the patho behind Otitis media
Primarily a result of malfunction estucian tube
26
What is the purpose of the Eustachian tube
Protection of middle ear, drainage of secretions, an ventilation to equalize air pressure
27
Based on this diagnostic finding this pt is likely to have? Prudent discolored effusion and bulging or full, opacified, yellow/red immobile membrane an acute onset of ear pain in 48hrs
AOM
28
Based on this diagnostic finding this pt is likely to have? Immobile tympanic membrane or orange discolored membrane
OME
29
T?F OME does not represent an acute infection that requires antibiotic therapy
True
30
What is a myringotomy
Surgical incision of the eardrum to alleviate pain and drainage
31
What are tympanostomy tubes used for
Pressure equalizers
32
How can pt prevent OM or reduce risk
``` Prevnar 7 (vaccine) breastfeeding Avoid bottle propping, decrease pacifier use, prevent exposure to tobacco ```
33
Describe the croup syndrome symptoms
Hoarseness, resonant cough, barking, brass croupy, stridor, swelling larynx
34
Which croup syndrome is signified as a medical emergency
Acute epiglottitis (an obstructive inflammatory process that can occluded respirations
35
What are the clinical manifestations of Acute epiglottitis
sore throat, pain, tripod position, drooling, difficulty swallowing, inspiratory strider, mild hypoxic, distress
36
How is acute epiglottitis managed
Prevention | Incubation or trac
37
T/F when epiglottitis is suspected the nurse should attempt to visualize the epiglottitis direct with lounge depressor
False; the nurse should never attempt. They should notify dr immediately
38
Describe acute layrngotracheobronchitis
Most common croup syndrome, | Usually preceded by upper respiratory infection bark cough, inspiratory strider, restractions
39
What organism is responsible for acute epiglottitis
H. influenzae
40
What causes acute laryngotracheobronchitis
Viral agents; parainfluenzae, RSV, pneumonia, staphylococci
41
How is acute laryngotracheobronchitis managed
Maintain airway, hydration, nebulized mist & epinephrine/ steroids
42
What are the early signs of impending airway obstruction
Increased pulse and RR, retractions, flaring nares, increased restlessness
43
Describe acute spasmodic laryngitis
Paroxysmal attacks, laryngeal obstruction, occurs chiefly at night
44
Describe bacterial tracheitis
Infection of the mucosa of the upper trachea, features of croup and epiglottitis (thick prudent secretions that result in respiratory distress
45
How is bacterial tracheitis treated
Humidifier air, Antipyretics, antibiotics, incubation/ventilation
46
What is bronchitis
Inflammation of the large airways, self limiting
47
What is RSV
Respiratory syncytial virus effects epithelial cells,
48
Describe pneumonia
Inflammation of the pulmonary parenchyma caused by viral, bacterial, mycoplasmal, aspiration inhaled or in blood stream
49
Is pneumonia preventable
Their is a vaccine PCV13 that will protect children from 13 strands
50
Describe Pertussis
Whooping cough, caused by bordetella Pertussis, highly contagious
51
How is TB managed
Isoniazid -9months rifampin pyrazinamide and ethambutol
52
Describe Asthma
Chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by recurring symptoms, airway obstruction, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness
53
A dry hacking, nonproductive cough that worsens at night and becomes productive in 2-3days characterizes what
Bronchitis
54
T/F children with asthma taking long term inhaled steroids may develop slowed growth
True
55
B adrenergic agonist and methylxanthines are used for asthma pt, what is their MOA
dilate the bronchioles
56
What is cystic fibrosis
Is inherited as an Autosomal recessive trait, the affected child inherits the defective gene from both parents
57
What is the earliest recognizable manifestation of cystic fibrosis
Meconium ileus
58
Which test is essential in establishing a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis in a toddler
Sweat chloride test
59
What are the clinical characteristics of Cystic fibrosis
Increased viscosity of mucous gland secretions, elevation in sweat electrolytes, increase in organic and enzymatic constituents of saliva, steatorrhea
60
What is the recommended diet for those who have Cystic Fibrosis
High carb, protein, calorie
61
Which intervention can parents do to treat croup at home
Take the child outside (provides for a cool, humid air)
62
Which vitamins need to be supplemented for those who have Cystic fibrosis
Fat soluble vitamins A, D, E, K
63
Kids with acute streptococcal pharyngitis can return to school
after taking antibiotics for 24 hours
64
Define dyspnea
labored breathing
65
Define tachypnea
rapid breathing
66
Define Hypopnea
breathing that is too shallow
67
Define Orthopnea
difficulty breathing except in upright position

Pedi (14 decks)

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