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Pedi > Ch. 40 Respiratory dysfunction > Flashcards

Ch. 40 Respiratory dysfunction Flashcards

1
Q

What parts make up the upper respiratory tract

A

oropharynx
Pharynx
Larynx
Upper trachea

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2
Q

What parts make up the lower respiratory tract

A

Lower trachea, bronchi, alveoli

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3
Q

T/F Fluids should not be forced and and children should not be awaken to take fluids

A

True

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4
Q

What is nasopharyngitis

A

Common cold, caused by virus

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5
Q

How is nasopharyngitis managed

A

@ home; rest, Antipyretics, adequate hydration, cough suppressants used with caution

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6
Q

Is nasophanryngitis preventable

A

It is impossible to prevent

It spreads through secretions so avoid contact w/affected persons

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7
Q

What is Acute streptococcal pharyngitis

A

Strep throat caused by GABHS infection

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8
Q

Those who have acute streptococcal pharyngitis are at risk for

A

Rheumatic fever

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9
Q

What are the common signs of acute streptococcal pharyngitis

A

Tonsils and pharynx inflamed, strawberry tongue, pain swallowing

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10
Q

If infection is present with Acute streptococcal pharyngitis what doe we give to treat it

A

Penicillin

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11
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of tonsillitis

A

Inflammation of the tonsils

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12
Q

How do we treat tonsillitis

A

Symptomatic, antibiotics if GAHBS is present, tonsillectomy if reoccurring 3 or more a year, adenoidectomy if obstructing breathing

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13
Q

What are the contraindications of a tonsillectomy, adenoidectomy

A

Cleft palate, infection, uncontrolled systemic disease, poor anestic risk

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14
Q

What are some of the important discharge instructions one should give after a tonsillectomy

A

Avoid coughing/clearing throat (milk and pudding a, ay agitate because it coats the throat), avoid highly seasoned foods, gargles, and limit activity

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15
Q

What are some signs after a tonsillectomy of a postoperative hemorrhage

A

Frequent swallowing, tachycardia restlessness

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16
Q

What are some of the characteristics of influenza

A

Dry throat, cough, hoarseness, myalgia, flushed face, photophobia, chills, fever

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17
Q

How is influenza managed

A 
Symptomatic
Symmetrel will reduce symptoms but not cure
Rimantadine 
Zanamivir
Tamiflu
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18
Q

Which drug is used to manage symptoms of the flu and can only be used by children over 1yr

A

Rimantadine

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19
Q

Which drug used to manage symptoms of the flu can be used by all age groups

A

Tamiflu

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20
Q

Define Otitis media

A

Inflammation of the middle ear without reference to a pathogenesis

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21
Q

Define Acute Otitis media

A

Inflammation of the middle ear w/signs of infection

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22
Q

Define Otitis media w/effusion

A

Inflammation in the middle ear w/o symptoms of acute infection

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23
Q

Define middle ear effusion

A

Fluid in the middle ear w/o reference to a pathogenesis

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24
Q

T/F breastfeed infants have lower incidence of Otitis media a

A

True

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25
Q

Describe the patho behind Otitis media

A

Primarily a result of malfunction estucian tube

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26
Q

What is the purpose of the Eustachian tube

A

Protection of middle ear, drainage of secretions, an ventilation to equalize air pressure

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27
Q

Based on this diagnostic finding this pt is likely to have? Prudent discolored effusion and bulging or full, opacified, yellow/red immobile membrane an acute onset of ear pain in 48hrs

A

AOM

28
Q

Based on this diagnostic finding this pt is likely to have? Immobile tympanic membrane or orange discolored membrane

A

OME

29
Q

T?F OME does not represent an acute infection that requires antibiotic therapy

A

True

30
Q

What is a myringotomy

A

Surgical incision of the eardrum to alleviate pain and drainage

31
Q

What are tympanostomy tubes used for

A

Pressure equalizers

32
Q

How can pt prevent OM or reduce risk

A 
Prevnar 7 (vaccine)
breastfeeding
Avoid bottle propping, decrease pacifier use, prevent exposure to tobacco
33
Q

Describe the croup syndrome symptoms

A

Hoarseness, resonant cough, barking, brass croupy, stridor, swelling larynx

34
Q

Which croup syndrome is signified as a medical emergency

A

Acute epiglottitis (an obstructive inflammatory process that can occluded respirations

35
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of Acute epiglottitis

A

sore throat, pain, tripod position, drooling, difficulty swallowing, inspiratory strider, mild hypoxic, distress

36
Q

How is acute epiglottitis managed

A

Prevention

Incubation or trac

37
Q

T/F when epiglottitis is suspected the nurse should attempt to visualize the epiglottitis direct with lounge depressor

A

False; the nurse should never attempt. They should notify dr immediately

38
Q

Describe acute layrngotracheobronchitis

A

Most common croup syndrome,

Usually preceded by upper respiratory infection bark cough, inspiratory strider, restractions

39
Q

What organism is responsible for acute epiglottitis

A

H. influenzae

40
Q

What causes acute laryngotracheobronchitis

A

Viral agents; parainfluenzae, RSV, pneumonia, staphylococci

41
Q

How is acute laryngotracheobronchitis managed

A

Maintain airway, hydration, nebulized mist & epinephrine/ steroids

42
Q

What are the early signs of impending airway obstruction

A

Increased pulse and RR, retractions, flaring nares, increased restlessness

43
Q

Describe acute spasmodic laryngitis

A

Paroxysmal attacks, laryngeal obstruction, occurs chiefly at night

44
Q

Describe bacterial tracheitis

A

Infection of the mucosa of the upper trachea, features of croup and epiglottitis
(thick prudent secretions that result in respiratory distress

45
Q

How is bacterial tracheitis treated

A

Humidifier air, Antipyretics, antibiotics, incubation/ventilation

46
Q

What is bronchitis

A

Inflammation of the large airways, self limiting

47
Q

What is RSV

A

Respiratory syncytial virus effects epithelial cells,

48
Q

Describe pneumonia

A

Inflammation of the pulmonary parenchyma caused by viral, bacterial, mycoplasmal, aspiration inhaled or in blood stream

49
Q

Is pneumonia preventable

A

Their is a vaccine PCV13 that will protect children from 13 strands

50
Q

Describe Pertussis

A

Whooping cough, caused by bordetella Pertussis, highly contagious

51
Q

How is TB managed

A

Isoniazid -9months
rifampin
pyrazinamide and ethambutol

52
Q

Describe Asthma

A

Chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by recurring symptoms, airway obstruction, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness

53
Q

A dry hacking, nonproductive cough that worsens at night and becomes productive in 2-3days characterizes what

A

Bronchitis

54
Q

T/F children with asthma taking long term inhaled steroids may develop slowed growth

A

True

55
Q

B adrenergic agonist and methylxanthines are used for asthma pt, what is their MOA

A

dilate the bronchioles

56
Q

What is cystic fibrosis

A

Is inherited as an Autosomal recessive trait, the affected child inherits the defective gene from both parents

57
Q

What is the earliest recognizable manifestation of cystic fibrosis

A

Meconium ileus

58
Q

Which test is essential in establishing a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis in a toddler

A

Sweat chloride test

59
Q

What are the clinical characteristics of Cystic fibrosis

A

Increased viscosity of mucous gland secretions, elevation in sweat electrolytes, increase in organic and enzymatic constituents of saliva, steatorrhea

60
Q

What is the recommended diet for those who have Cystic Fibrosis

A

High carb, protein, calorie

61
Q

Which intervention can parents do to treat croup at home

A

Take the child outside (provides for a cool, humid air)

62
Q

Which vitamins need to be supplemented for those who have Cystic fibrosis

A

Fat soluble vitamins A, D, E, K

63
Q

Kids with acute streptococcal pharyngitis can return to school

A

after taking antibiotics for 24 hours

64
Q

Define dyspnea

A

labored breathing

65
Q

Define tachypnea

A

rapid breathing

66
Q

Define Hypopnea

A

breathing that is too shallow

67
Q

Define Orthopnea

A

difficulty breathing except in upright position

Pedi (14 decks)

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