Ch. 42 Cardiovascular dysfunction Flashcards
What is a complication post-cardiac catheterization
cardiac arrhythmia
If bleeding occurs in a child who has had a cardiac catheterization the initial step the nurse should take is
apply direct pressure (2.5cm 1inch) above the catheterization site
Define congenital heart disease
anatomic abnormalities present at birth
After venous catheterization how long should the affected area remain straight
4-6hrs
List the heart defects with increased pulmonary blood flow (left to right shunt)
Atrial septal defect
Ventricular septal defect
Atrioventricular canal defect
Patent ductus arteriosus
List the obstructive heart defects
Coarctation of the Aorta
Aortic stenosis
Pulmonic stenosis
List the heart defects with decreased pulmonary blood flow
Tetralogy of fallout
Tricuspid atresia
List the mixed heart defects
Transposition of the great aorta
Truncus Arteriosus
Define Heart failure
inability of the heart to pump an adequate amount of blood to the systemic circulation
Which structural defects constitute tetralogy of fallot
pulmonic stenosis
ventricular septal defect
overriding aorta
right ventricular hypertrophy
What is the beneficial effect of administering digoxin
rapid onset in increasing cardiac output, decreasing venous pressure as a result decreasing edema
What is a common sign of digoxin toxicity
vomiting
What is the most common causative agent of bacterial endocarditis
streptococcus viridans
What are Oslers nodes
painful, tender, pea-sized nodules that appear on the pads of the fingers or toes in bacterial endocarditis
Define bacterial endocarditis
infection of the inner lining of the heart (endocardium) generally involving the valves
How do we manage bacterial endocarditis
antibiotics for 2-8 weeks
prophylactic antibiotics
What is a common serious complication of rheumatic fever
cardiac valve damage
What is the major manifestation of rheumatic fever
polyarthritis- swollen, hot, red, painful joints
Define rheumatic fever
inflammatory disease that occurs after infection GABHS, self limiting involving the joints, skin, brain, heart
How is RF treated
eradication of hemolytic streptococci (penicillin)
prevent permanent cardiac damage
prevent recurrences
What is the leading cause of death after heart transplantation
rejection
Describe kawasaki disease
acute systemic vasculitis of unknown cause
How is kawasaki disease managed
gamma globulin and aspirin
A continuos machinery-like murmur is associated with which congenital heart defect
Patent ductus arteriosus
T/F children with coarctation of the aorta will have disparity in blood pressure between the upper and lower extremities
True
If a child has possible CHD where should the nurse measure blood pressure
all four extremities
Why is prostaglandin E1 given to infants with coarctation of the aorta
to keep the ductus arterioles patent and improve oxygenation
