Ch. 44 Genitourinary Dysfunction

Question 1

Describe characteristics of nephrotic syndrome

Answer 1

Massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, edema, weight gain

Question 2

What causes nephrotic syndrome

Answer 2

(1) idiopathic
(2) 2ndary to damage
(3) inherited as Autosomal recessive disorder

Question 3

Describe the patho behind nephrotic syndrome

Answer 3

glomular membrane becomes permeable to albumin (protein), decrease in pressure, edema, acites, hypovolemic, then renin system activated

Question 4

How is nephrotic syndrome managed

Answer 4

Low salt diet, corticosteroids (prednisone), I & O, daily weight

Question 5

Describe the common factors associated with acute glomerulonephritis

Answer 5

oliguria, edema, hypertension, circulatory congestion, hematauria, proteinuria

Question 6

T/F acute glomerulonephritis can be associated with an antecedent strep infection

Answer 6

True

Question 7

What are the diagnostic findings for acute glomerulonephritis

Answer 7

Proteinuria 3+, 4+, hematauria, azotemia, elevated BUN, elevated creatinine

Question 8

How is acute glomerulonephritis managed

Answer 8

Monitor I/O, weight, antibiotics (if strep), avoid fatigue

Question 9

Define renal failure

Answer 9

Inability of the kidneys to excrete waste nutrients, conch grate urine, conserve electrolytes

Question 10

Difference b/w acute renal failure and chronic

Answer 10

Acute- sudden inability to regulate volume composition of urine in response to fluid intake and the organism.
Chronic diseased kidney can no longer maintain the normal chemical structure of body fluids under normal conditions

Question 11

Is acute renal failure reversible

Answer 11

Yes

Question 12

What is the most common cause of acute renal failure in children

Answer 12

Severe dehydration

Question 13

What is the primary clinical manifestation of acute renal failure

Answer 13

Oliguria and hypertension

Question 14

In a child with acute renal failure what is a sign that they might have hyperkalemia

Answer 14

Cardiac arrhythmia

Question 15

Define Uremia

Answer 15

Retention of nitrogenous products, producing toxic symptoms found in progressive chronic renal failure

Question 16

What is a major complication in a child with chronic renal failure

Answer 16

Water and sodium retention

Question 17

What is uremic frost

Answer 17

Deposits of urea crystals on skin (sign of chronic renal failure)

Question 18

What is the purpose of giving calcium carbonate in a child with chronic renal failure

Answer 18

To bind phosphorus and to therefore decrease gastrointestinal absorption and serum levels of phosphate

Question 19

A child with chronic renal failure should follow what type of diet

Answer 19

Low in phosphorus reduce protein and milk intake

Question 20

What renal test I most useful in estimating glomerular filtration rate

Answer 20

creatinine clearance

Question 21

What is creatinine

Answer 21

End product of protein metabolism in muscle and a substance that is filtered freely by the glomerulus

Question 22

What is the first indication that acute glomerulonephritis is improving

Answer 22

Urinary output will increase

Question 23

What is the normal WBC count in urine

Question 24

What is the normal range for specific gravity

Answer 24

1.016- 1.030