Ch. 44 Genitourinary Dysfunction Flashcards
Describe characteristics of nephrotic syndrome
Massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, edema, weight gain
What causes nephrotic syndrome
(1) idiopathic
(2) 2ndary to damage
(3) inherited as Autosomal recessive disorder
Describe the patho behind nephrotic syndrome
glomular membrane becomes permeable to albumin (protein), decrease in pressure, edema, acites, hypovolemic, then renin system activated
How is nephrotic syndrome managed
Low salt diet, corticosteroids (prednisone), I & O, daily weight
Describe the common factors associated with acute glomerulonephritis
oliguria, edema, hypertension, circulatory congestion, hematauria, proteinuria
T/F acute glomerulonephritis can be associated with an antecedent strep infection
True
What are the diagnostic findings for acute glomerulonephritis
Proteinuria 3+, 4+, hematauria, azotemia, elevated BUN, elevated creatinine
How is acute glomerulonephritis managed
Monitor I/O, weight, antibiotics (if strep), avoid fatigue
Define renal failure
Inability of the kidneys to excrete waste nutrients, conch grate urine, conserve electrolytes
Difference b/w acute renal failure and chronic
Acute- sudden inability to regulate volume composition of urine in response to fluid intake and the organism.
Chronic diseased kidney can no longer maintain the normal chemical structure of body fluids under normal conditions
Is acute renal failure reversible
Yes
What is the most common cause of acute renal failure in children
Severe dehydration
What is the primary clinical manifestation of acute renal failure
Oliguria and hypertension
In a child with acute renal failure what is a sign that they might have hyperkalemia
Cardiac arrhythmia
Define Uremia
Retention of nitrogenous products, producing toxic symptoms found in progressive chronic renal failure
What is a major complication in a child with chronic renal failure
Water and sodium retention
What is uremic frost
Deposits of urea crystals on skin (sign of chronic renal failure)
What is the purpose of giving calcium carbonate in a child with chronic renal failure
To bind phosphorus and to therefore decrease gastrointestinal absorption and serum levels of phosphate
A child with chronic renal failure should follow what type of diet
Low in phosphorus reduce protein and milk intake
What renal test I most useful in estimating glomerular filtration rate
creatinine clearance
What is creatinine
End product of protein metabolism in muscle and a substance that is filtered freely by the glomerulus
What is the first indication that acute glomerulonephritis is improving
Urinary output will increase
What is the normal WBC count in urine
What is the normal range for specific gravity
1.016- 1.030
