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Sociology > ch.4 socialization and the life course > Flashcards

ch.4 socialization and the life course Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is socialization?

A

Its a lifelong process in which people learn appropriate attitudes, values, and behaviors

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2
Q

Whats the role of socialization?

A
  • To learn how to behave properly(micro perspective)
  • Allowing the transmission of culture from one generation to the next (macro perspective)
  • Contributes to shaping our personalities
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3
Q

What is a personality?

A

Its a persons typical patterns of attitudes, needs, characteristics, and behavior

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4
Q

What shapes human development?

A

Interaction of heredity and environment

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5
Q

Socialization and the self

A

The view of ourselves comes from contemplation of personal qualities and impressions of how others perceive us

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6
Q

What is the self?

A

Its a distinct identity that sets us apart from others

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7
Q

Charles Horton Cooley The Looking-Glass Self

A

View of ourselves comes from contemplation of personal qualities and impressions of how others perceive us

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8
Q

What does Looking-Glass self mean?

A

It means that the self is a product of social interactions with other people

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9
Q

The self develops in 3 phases what are they?

A

1-We imagine how we present ourselves to others
2-We imagine how others evaluate us
3-We develop a feeling/view about ourselves

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10
Q

Our self image is based on what?

A

Its based on our imagination of how others view us

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11
Q

George Herbert Mead suggested

A

That the self develops in relationship to others in the process of socialization

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12
Q

The self emerges in three distinct stages

A

1-The preparatory stage
2-The play stage
3-The game stage

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13
Q

What is the preparatory stage?

A

Where children imitate people around them especially those they continually interact with (where it is the human basis of communication)

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14
Q

What is the play stage?

A

Where children develop a skill in communicating through symbols

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15
Q

What is the game stage?

A

Where children of about 8 or 9 consider several actual tasks and relationships simultaneously

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16
Q

What is an example of the game stage?

A

In a basketball game the child is aware of both his/her role and those of others

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17
Q

What are generalized other when it comes to the game stage?

A

Attitudes, viewpoints, and expectations of a society as a whole that a child takes into account in his or her behavior

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18
Q

How does the self begin?

A

The self begins as a privileged, central position in a persons world

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19
Q

What happens to the self as a person matures?

A

The self changes and begins to reflect greater concern about reactions of others

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20
Q

What does significant others mean?

A

They are individuals that are most important in the development of the self

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21
Q

What is the impression management according to goffman in the presentation of the self?

A

Where an individual learns to slant presentation of self to create distinctive appearances and satisfy particular audiences

22
Q

What is face-work?

A

Its the need to maintain proper image of self to continue social interaction

23
Q

Dramaturgical approach

A

Goffman makes many parallels to the theatre according to goffman people resemble performers in action

24
Q

What are rites of passage?

A

They are dramatizing and validating changes in a persons personal status

25
Q

What is the life course approach?

A

Takes into account social factors that influence people at all stages throughout their lives, from birth to death.

26
Q

What are the two types of socialization that can be distinguished from one another?

A

1-Anticipatory socialization

2-Resocialization

27
Q

What is Anticipatory socialization?

A

Its a process in which a person learns appropriate patterns (attitude, behavior, taste) for future positions, jobs and social relationships

28
Q

Where does anticipatory socialization start?

A

It starts in childhood and continues in adolescence, in adulthood and throughout life as we take up new responsibilities

29
Q

Example for anticipatory socialization

A

Students start thinking about university, where and what they want to study

30
Q

What is resocialization?

A

It refers to the process of discarding former behavior patterns and accepting new ones as part of a transition in ones life

31
Q

Resocialization is associated with what?

A

Its associated with efforts to transform individuals, it may cause a lot of stress to the individual

32
Q

Resocialization is particularly effective within a what?

A

Within a total institution

33
Q

What is a total institution according to goffman?

A

As one that regulates individuals life in all its aspects

34
Q

Example for total institution

A

Prison, the military, mental hospital, convent

35
Q

What are agents of socialization?

A 
1-Family
2-School
3-Peer group
4-Mass media and technology
5-Workplace
6-State and religion
36
Q

What is family in the agent of socialization?

A

Usually primary agent and/or most important agent in childrens socializations. many of societies norms and values are learnt in the family including gender roles. culture matters

37
Q

What are gender roles?

A

They are expectations regarding proper behavior, attitudes, and activities of males and females

38
Q

When does gender role socialization start?

A

Gender role socialization starts in early childhood

39
Q

What is school in the agent of socialization?

A

Its a very important role of socialization for children and adolescents in many societies

40
Q

According to the functionalist theory what does school teach?

A

It teaches values and customs of larger society

41
Q

What do conflict theorists argue about school?

A

Conflict theorists argue that schools reinforce social class divisions

42
Q

What is the feminist theories about school?

A

That school traditionally socializes children into conventional gender roles

43
Q

Peer group

A

As children grow older, peer groups increasingly assume roles of meads significant others (where children take the role of others where they pretend to be other people in their play when doing so they learn what other people expect of them)

44
Q

The peer group can become more important and influential than?

A

The family

45
Q

Gender differences in the peer group are noteworthy among

A

Adolescents

46
Q

What is mass media and technology in the agent of socialization?

A

Where television and the internet are among the critical forces in socialization of children in the U.S. and increasingly in many other countries around the globe

47
Q

What is workplace in the agent of socialization?

A

Its learning to behave appropriately within occupational settings is a fundamental aspect of human socialization

48
Q

When is occupational socialization intense?

A

Its most intense during transition from school to full-time employment

49
Q

How does occupational socialization continue?

A

It continues as individuals change occupations and even when one remains in one occupation during which technology changes constantly

50
Q

What is state and religion in the agent of socialization?

A

Its how government and organized religion impact life course

Sociology (6 decks)

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