ch.4 socialization and the life course

Question 1

What is socialization?

Answer 1

Its a lifelong process in which people learn appropriate attitudes, values, and behaviors

Question 2

Whats the role of socialization?

Answer 2

• To learn how to behave properly(micro perspective)
• Allowing the transmission of culture from one generation to the next (macro perspective)
• Contributes to shaping our personalities

Question 3

What is a personality?

Answer 3

Its a persons typical patterns of attitudes, needs, characteristics, and behavior

Question 4

What shapes human development?

Answer 4

Interaction of heredity and environment

Question 5

Socialization and the self

Answer 5

The view of ourselves comes from contemplation of personal qualities and impressions of how others perceive us

Question 6

What is the self?

Answer 6

Its a distinct identity that sets us apart from others

Question 7

Charles Horton Cooley The Looking-Glass Self

Answer 7

View of ourselves comes from contemplation of personal qualities and impressions of how others perceive us

Question 8

What does Looking-Glass self mean?

Answer 8

It means that the self is a product of social interactions with other people

Question 9

The self develops in 3 phases what are they?

Answer 9

1-We imagine how we present ourselves to others
2-We imagine how others evaluate us
3-We develop a feeling/view about ourselves

Question 10

Our self image is based on what?

Answer 10

Its based on our imagination of how others view us

Question 11

George Herbert Mead suggested

Answer 11

That the self develops in relationship to others in the process of socialization

Question 12

The self emerges in three distinct stages

Answer 12

1-The preparatory stage
2-The play stage
3-The game stage

Question 13

What is the preparatory stage?

Answer 13

Where children imitate people around them especially those they continually interact with (where it is the human basis of communication)

Question 14

What is the play stage?

Answer 14

Where children develop a skill in communicating through symbols

Question 15

What is the game stage?

Answer 15

Where children of about 8 or 9 consider several actual tasks and relationships simultaneously

Question 16

What is an example of the game stage?

Answer 16

In a basketball game the child is aware of both his/her role and those of others

Question 17

What are generalized other when it comes to the game stage?

Answer 17

Attitudes, viewpoints, and expectations of a society as a whole that a child takes into account in his or her behavior

Question 18

How does the self begin?

Answer 18

The self begins as a privileged, central position in a persons world

Question 19

What happens to the self as a person matures?

Answer 19

The self changes and begins to reflect greater concern about reactions of others

Question 20

What does significant others mean?

Answer 20

They are individuals that are most important in the development of the self

Question 21

What is the impression management according to goffman in the presentation of the self?

Answer 21

Where an individual learns to slant presentation of self to create distinctive appearances and satisfy particular audiences

Question 22

What is face-work?

Answer 22

Its the need to maintain proper image of self to continue social interaction

Question 23

Dramaturgical approach

Answer 23

Goffman makes many parallels to the theatre according to goffman people resemble performers in action

Question 24

What are rites of passage?

Answer 24

They are dramatizing and validating changes in a persons personal status

Question 25

What is the life course approach?

Answer 25

Takes into account social factors that influence people at all stages throughout their lives, from birth to death.

Question 26

What are the two types of socialization that can be distinguished from one another?

Answer 26

1-Anticipatory socialization | 2-Resocialization

Question 27

What is Anticipatory socialization?

Answer 27

Its a process in which a person learns appropriate patterns (attitude, behavior, taste) for future positions, jobs and social relationships

Question 28

Where does anticipatory socialization start?

Answer 28

It starts in childhood and continues in adolescence, in adulthood and throughout life as we take up new responsibilities

Question 29

Example for anticipatory socialization

Answer 29

Students start thinking about university, where and what they want to study

Question 30

What is resocialization?

Answer 30

It refers to the process of discarding former behavior patterns and accepting new ones as part of a transition in ones life

Question 31

Resocialization is associated with what?

Answer 31

Its associated with efforts to transform individuals, it may cause a lot of stress to the individual

Question 32

Resocialization is particularly effective within a what?

Answer 32

Within a total institution

Question 33

What is a total institution according to goffman?

Answer 33

As one that regulates individuals life in all its aspects

Question 34

Example for total institution

Answer 34

Prison, the military, mental hospital, convent

Question 35

What are agents of socialization?

Answer 35

``` 1-Family 2-School 3-Peer group 4-Mass media and technology 5-Workplace 6-State and religion ```

Question 36

What is family in the agent of socialization?

Answer 36

Usually primary agent and/or most important agent in childrens socializations. many of societies norms and values are learnt in the family including gender roles. culture matters

Question 37

What are gender roles?

Answer 37

They are expectations regarding proper behavior, attitudes, and activities of males and females

Question 38

When does gender role socialization start?

Answer 38

Gender role socialization starts in early childhood

Question 39

What is school in the agent of socialization?

Answer 39

Its a very important role of socialization for children and adolescents in many societies

Question 40

According to the functionalist theory what does school teach?

Answer 40

It teaches values and customs of larger society

Question 41

What do conflict theorists argue about school?

Answer 41

Conflict theorists argue that schools reinforce social class divisions

Question 42

What is the feminist theories about school?

Answer 42

That school traditionally socializes children into conventional gender roles

Question 43

Peer group

Answer 43

As children grow older, peer groups increasingly assume roles of meads significant others (where children take the role of others where they pretend to be other people in their play when doing so they learn what other people expect of them)

Question 44

The peer group can become more important and influential than?

Answer 44

The family

Question 45

Gender differences in the peer group are noteworthy among

Answer 45

Adolescents

Question 46

What is mass media and technology in the agent of socialization?

Answer 46

Where television and the internet are among the critical forces in socialization of children in the U.S. and increasingly in many other countries around the globe

Question 47

What is workplace in the agent of socialization?

Answer 47

Its learning to behave appropriately within occupational settings is a fundamental aspect of human socialization

Question 48

When is occupational socialization intense?

Answer 48

Its most intense during transition from school to full-time employment

Question 49

How does occupational socialization continue?

Answer 49

It continues as individuals change occupations and even when one remains in one occupation during which technology changes constantly

Question 50

What is state and religion in the agent of socialization?

Answer 50

Its how government and organized religion impact life course