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Sociology > ch.1 introduction to sociology > Flashcards

ch.1 introduction to sociology Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is sociology?

A

Its a scientific study of social behavior and human groups

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2
Q

What does sociology focus on?

A
  • How relationships/ groups/ communities influence peoples attitudes and behaviors
  • How people influence other people/ groups
  • How people are placed in groups that have unequal soci-political and economic opportunities
  • How societies develop and change
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3
Q

What’s Sociological imagination?

A

Its an awareness of the relationship between an individual and the wider society

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4
Q

What’s the ability of the sociological imagination?

A

Its the ability to view society as an outsider would

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5
Q

The sociological imagination looks beyond what?

A

It looks beyond limited understanding of human behavior

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6
Q

What does the sociological imagination allow us to do?

A

It allows us to understand broader public issues beyond personal experiences

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7
Q

What is science?

A

Its a body of knowledge obtained by methods based on systematic observation

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8
Q

What is natural science?

A

Its the study of physical features of nature and the ways they interact and change

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9
Q

What is social science?

A

Its the study of social features of humans and the ways they interact and change

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10
Q

What is a theory?

A

Its a set of statements that seek to explain problems, actions, or behaviors

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11
Q

What does Durkheims suicide study suggest?

A

It suggested that suicide is related to societal reasons, society’s cohesiveness or lack of cohesiveness

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12
Q

Are theories final statements about behavior?

A

No they are not final statements of behavior

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13
Q

Who were the early thinkers?

A
  • Auguste Comte
  • Harriet Martineau
  • Herbert Spencer
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14
Q

How did Auguste Comte contribute to society?

A
  • He made a systematic observation of behavior
  • Improved society
  • Coined the term “sociology”
  • Sociology- queen of all sciences
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15
Q

How did Harriet Martineau contribute to society?

A
  • Studied social behavior
  • Emphasized the impact of economy, law, trade, health, and population on social problems
  • First book on sociological methods
  • Spoke out on rights of women, emancipation of slaves and religious tolerance
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16
Q

How did Herbert Spencer contribute to sociology?

A
  • Understood society instead of improving it or changing it
  • Applied Darwins evolutionary theory to human societies
  • Studied evolutionary change in society
  • No need to change the society because society is evolving or gradually changing on its own
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17
Q

Who are modern contributors to society?

A
  • Emile durkheim
  • Max weber
  • Karl marx
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18
Q

What did Emil Durkheim suggest?

A

That behavior must be understood within larger social context and not in individualistic terms

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19
Q

What did Emil Durkheim develop?

A

Developed a fundamental thesis to help explain all forms of society

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20
Q

What is anomie?

A

Its the loss of direction felt in a society when social control of individual behavior becomes ineffective

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21
Q

What did Max Weber suggest?

A

That to comprehend behavior one must learn subjective meaning people attach to actions

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22
Q

What is Verstehen?

A

Understanding, insight

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23
Q

What is Ideal Type?

A

Its a construct (an important conceptual tool) for evaluating specific cases (Bureaucracy is an ideal type)

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24
Q

What did Max Weber value?

A

He values free sociology in opposition to Marx

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25
Q

What did Karl Marx suggest?

A
  • That society is divided between two classes that clash in pursuit of interests
  • Emphasized group identification and associations that influences ones place in society (one membership of an economic class affects her attitudes)
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26
Q

What were the two classes that clashed in Karl Marxs theory?

A

The exploiters and the exploited

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27
Q

Who are the exploiters?

A

They are factory owners/ owners of means of production

28
Q

Who are the exploited?

A

Factory workers

29
Q

What did W.E.B Du Bois focus on?

A

He focused on religion at community level

30
Q

What did W.E.B Bois suggest?

A

He suggested that knowledge (and not opinion) is essential in combating prejudice

31
Q

What did W.E.B Bois found?

A

He founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored people

32
Q

What term did DuBois coin?

A

Dubois coined the term “double consciousness”

33
Q

What is double consciousness?

A

Its the division of an individuals identity into two or more social realities like the experience of being black in white america

34
Q

What did Charles Horton Cooley examine?

A

He examined face-to-face groups (families, gangs, friendship networks)

35
Q

For Cooley what did these face-to-face groups shape?

A

They shaped peoples values, beliefs and ideals

36
Q

How did Jane Addams see herself?

A

She saw herself as a social reformer

37
Q

What did Jane Addams study?

A

She studied the society to improve it

38
Q

What type of work did Jane Addams combine?

A

She combined intellectual inquiry, social service work, and political activism a quest for creating a more egalitarian society

39
Q

What was Jane Addams concerned about?

A

She was concerned about the lives of immigrants, the poor, blacks, women and other underprivileged groups

40
Q

What kind of work did Robert Merton combine?

A

Combined theory and research

41
Q

What did Robert Merton develop?

A

He developed an explanation of deviant behavior where sociology should bring together macro and micro level approaches

42
Q

What is macrosociology?

A

It concentrates on a large-scale a phenomena or entire civilizations

43
Q

What is microsociology?

A

It stresses the study of small groups, often through experimental means

44
Q

What did Pierre Bourdieu suggest?

A

That capital sustains individuals and families from one generation to the next

45
Q

Two types of capital?

A
  • Cultural capital

- Social capital

46
Q

What is cultural capital?

A

They are noneconomic goods reflected in knowledge of language and arts

47
Q

What is social capital?

A

They are collective benefits of social networks (family and friendship networks)

48
Q

What are major theoretical approaches?

A
  • Functionalist perspective
  • Conflict perspective
    • The Marxist View
    • Feminist perspective
  • Interactionist perspective
49
Q

What is the Functionalist perspective?

A

It emphasizes the way parts of a society are structured to maintain its stability

50
Q

What was Talcott Parsons view?

A

He viewed society as a vast network of connected parts where each helps maintain the system as a whole

51
Q

What are the type of functions that maintain the stability of society?

A
  • Manifest function
  • Latent function
  • Dysfunction
52
Q

What are the manifest functions?

A

They are open, stated, conscious functions intended and recognized consequences of an aspect of society

53
Q

What are the latent functions?

A

They are unconscious or unintended functions that may reflect hidden purposes

54
Q

What are dysfunctions?

A

They are elements or processes of society that may disrupt a social system or reduce its stability

55
Q

What is the conflict perspective?

A

It assumes that social behavior is best understood in terms of conflict or tension between competing groups

56
Q

What is The Marxist View?

A

Where conflict is part of everyday life in all societies

57
Q

What are conflict theorists interested in?

A

They are interested in how institutions may help maintain privileges of some groups and keep others subservient

58
Q

What is the feminist view?

A

It sees inequality in gender as central to all behavior and organization

59
Q

The feminist view is often allied with which theory?

A

Its often allied with the conflict theory

60
Q

The proponents of the feminist view tend to focus on

A

Proponents tend to focus on macro level

61
Q

How did the feminist view broaden social behavior?

A

By extending analysis beyond male point of view

62
Q

What is the interactionist perspective?

A

It generalizes about everyday forms of social interaction to explain society as a whole

63
Q

What is nonverbal communication?

A

Includes gestures, facial expressions, and postures

64
Q

Who was the founder of the interactionist approach?

A

George Herbert Mead

65
Q

Erving goffman suggested which approach?

A

The dramaturgical approach

66
Q

Whats the dramaturgical approach?

A

Where people are seen as theatrical performers

67
Q

Whats the sociological approach?

A

Where you gain broadest understanding of society by drawing on all major perspectives, noting where they overlap or diverge

Sociology (6 decks)

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