Ch.4 Socialization

Question 1

Socialization

Answer 1

The lifelong process of social interaction through which individuals acquire a self-identity and the physical, mental, and social skills needed for survival in society.

Question 2

Sociologist

Answer 2

Focus on nurture, culture, and society.

Question 3

Sociobiologist

Answer 3

Focus on biology and how it affects social behaviour.

Question 4

Combined view of Sociologist and Sociobiologist

Answer 4

Both nature and nurture shape us

Question 5

Why is Socialization necessary?

Answer 5

Problems with Isolation and Maltreatment:
Nonhuman primates and isolation: the Harlow studies
Isolated Children (or feral children), e.g., Anna, Genie and Isabelle

Question 6

Agents of Socialization

Answer 6

-Family (Primary/Foundation)
-School
-Peer Groups
-Mass media

Question 7

Human Development

Answer 7

We are products of biology, society, and personal experiences.

Question 8

The Family

Answer 8

( Foundational)
From a functionalist perspective, families are the source of procreation and socialization of children.
Source of emotional support
Social status

Question 9

Social Conflict Perspective:
In family

Answer 9

Socialization reproduces class in children from the class of the parents.

Question 10

Symbolic Interactionist Perspective: In family

Answer 10

Through interactions with our parents, kin, and siblings we are socialized to become who we are.

Question 11

The School

Answer 11

Significant because most people would typically spend about 20 years in education.
Schools are miniature societies.

Question 12

Functionalist Perspective: of School

Answer 12

1. teaching students to be productive members of society
2. transmission of culture
3. social control and personal development
4. selection, training, and placement of individuals in social ranks

Question 13

Social Conflict Perspective: of School

Answer 13

Children have varied experiences depending on class, race, gender, and ethnicity.
Hidden curriculum: children learn the ideals of the capitalist system in school.

Question 14

Symbolic Interactionist Perspective: of School

Answer 14

Socialization is a result of daily interactions in the school setting.
Students learn about their culture, the nation, aggression and compliance, and gender identity/roles.

Question 15

Peer Groups

Answer 15

A group of people linked by common interests, equal social position, and similar age.

Question 16

Peer Group Functions

Answer 16

-provide links to the larger culture.
-contribute to sense of “belonging”.
-give some sense of freedom from family.
-teach and reinforce cultural norms.

Question 17

Peer Pressure

Answer 17

Influence from members of one’s social group.

Question 18

Mass Media Functions

Answer 18

Inform us of events, introduce us to a wider society, provide a variety of viewpoints, make us aware of products/services and are entertaining.

Question 19

Problems with Mass Media

Answer 19

Digital divide
-Reading skills in children decrease
-Less social interactions in person
-Children know more about media figures and less about current events.

Question 20

Sociological Theories of Human Development

Answer 20

Meaning and understanding of self.

Question 21

Self-Concept

Answer 21

The totality of our beliefs and feelings about ourselves.

Question 22

Self-identity

Answer 22

Perception about what kind of person we are.

Question 23

Self-Concepts

Answer 23

-Physical
-Active
-Social
-Psychological

Question 24

Charles Horton Cooley

Answer 24

symbolic interactionism: social life is socially created.
(Looking-Glass Self) developing a self-concept, imagine how we judge and be judged by others. Formed by societal standards.

Question 25

George Herbert Mead

Answer 25

Role-taking: the process by which a person mentally assumes the role of another person in order to understand the world from that person’s point of view.
Most influential: significant others

Question 26

Psychological Theories of Human Development

Answer 26

Piaget and Cognitive Development
Kohlberg and the Stages of Moral Development
Gilligan’s View on Gender and Moral Development

Question 27

Carol Gilligan: View of gender and Moral Development (On Exam)

Answer 27

Key Theory: We develop morally depending on our gender.

Males:
More concerned about justice, law, and order Abstract standards of right and wrong.
Females:
More focused on relationships
Concerned about the consequences of wrongdoing such as stealing might have on persons and their relationships.

Question 28

Women’s Moral Development stages by Gilligan’s view

Answer 28

Motivated by selfish concerns.
Motivated by some responsibility for others.
Motivated to do the best both for herself and for others.

Question 29

Gender Socialization

Answer 29

The aspect of socialization that contains specific messages and practices concerning the nature of being female or male in a specific group or society.

Question 30

Anticipatory Socialization

Answer 30

The process by which knowledge and skills are learned for future roles.

Question 31

Resocialization

Answer 31

The process of learning a new and different set of attitudes, values, and behaviours from those in one’s previous background

Question 32

Resocialization Age Stage

Answer 32

Only occurs at adulthood.

Question 33

Voluntary Resocialization

Answer 33

When we receive a new status of our own free will.

Question 34

Involuntary Resocialization

Answer 34

When we receive a new status not of our own free will (by force).

Question 35

Where does Resocialization Occur?

Answer 35

In a Total Institution.

Question 36

Total Institution

Answer 36

A place where people are isolated from the rest of society for a set period of time and come under the control of the officials who run the institution.
(prison, asylum, convent, etc..)

Question 37

Socialization in the Future

Answer 37

The family will continue to be the foundational source of socialization.
Increased use of computer technology may further impact socialization.