Ch.3 Culture Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Culture?

A

The knowledge, language, values, customs, and material objects that are passed from person to person and from one generation to the next in a human group or society.

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2
Q

What are materials of culture?

A

The physical aspects and creations that society make, use, and share.

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3
Q

What are the Non materials culture?

A

The abstract or intangible human creations of society that influence people’s behavior: language, beliefs, spirituality, values, and political systems.

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4
Q

Components of Culture?

A

-symbols
-language
-values
-norms
-laws

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5
Q

Symbols

A

Meaningful representations (flags, statues, etc..)

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6
Q

Language

A

A set symbols that express ideas and enable people to think and communicate with one another,
-kinds: verbal and nonverbal (written or gestures)

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7
Q

Language, Race, and Ethnicity.

A

Certain terms and expressions have racial and ethnic overtones that may reinforce negative associations.

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8
Q

Language Diversity in Canada.

A

Language as a keystone to culture because it is the chief vehicle for understanding and experiencing one’s culture.

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9
Q

Values

A

Collective ideas about what is right or wrong, good or bad, and desirable or undesirable in a particular culture.

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10
Q

Core Canadian Values

A
  1. Equality and fairness in a democratic society
  2. Consultation and dialogue
  3. Accommodation and tolerance
  4. Support for diversity
  5. Compassion and generosity
  6. Canada’s natural beauty
  7. Canada’s world image: Commitment to freedom, peace, and nonviolent change
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11
Q

What are Value Contradictions?

A

Values that conflict with one another or are mutually exclusive.

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12
Q

Ideal versus Real Culture

A

Ideal: values and standards of behaviour that people in a society profess to hold
Real: the values and standards of behaviour that people actually follow

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13
Q

Norms

A

Established rules of behaviors or standards of conduct.

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14
Q

Prescriptive

A

What behaviour is appropriate ( IS accepted)

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15
Q

Proscriptive

A

what behavior is not appropriate (NOT accepted)

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16
Q

Formal

A

Written down as laws.

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17
Q

Sanctions

A

Rewards for appropriate behavior and punishment for inappropriate behavior.

18
Q

Folkways

A

Those informal norms or every-day customs that may be violated with-out serious consequences within a particular culture.

19
Q

Mores

A

Are strongly held norms with moral and ethical connotations that may or may not be violated without serious consequences in a particular culture.

20
Q

Taboo

A

So strong that their violation is considered to be extremely offensive.

21
Q

Laws

A

Formal, standardized norms that have been enacted by legislatures and are enforced by formal sanctions.

22
Q

Civil Laws

A

deals with disputes between people

23
Q

Criminal Laws

A

deals with public safety and well-being

24
Q

Cultural Lag

A

A gap between the technological development of a society and its moral and legal institutions

25
Q

Factors of Cultural Change

A

Discovery, Invention and Diffusion.

26
Q

Discovery

A

Something previously unknown or unrecognized: e.g., vaccines for diseases

27
Q

Invention

A

Reshaping existing cultural items into a new form (the steam engine, the car, and the computer)

28
Q

Diffusion

A

Transmission of cultural items or social practices from one culture to another.

29
Q

Cultural Diversity

A

The wide range of cultural differences found between and within nations.

30
Q

Homogeneous

A

One language, ethnicity, religion, and the like.

31
Q

Heterogeneous

A

Many languages, ethnic groups, religions. (Multicultural countries)

32
Q

Subcultures

A

A group of people who share a distinctive set of cultural beliefs and behaviors that differ in some significant ways from that of the larger society.

33
Q

Countercultures

A

A group that strongly rejects dominant societal values and norms and seeks alternative lifestyles.

34
Q

Cultural Shock

A

The disorientation that people feel when they encounter cultures radically different from their own.

35
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

The tendency to regard one’s own culture and group as the standard, and thus (superior).

36
Q

Cultural Relativity

A

Behaviours and customs of any culture must be viewed and analyzed by the culture’s own standards.

37
Q

High Culture

A

classical music, opera, ballet, live theatre

38
Q

Populare Culture

A

Activities, products, and services that are assumed to appeal primarily to members of the middle and working class.

39
Q

Cultural Imperialism

A

The extensive infusion of one nation’s culture into other nations.

40
Q

Functionalist Perspective

A

Cultures function to meet people’s needs.

41
Q

Conflict Perspective

A

Cultures function to promote the increased consumption of commodities; people come to believe they need them.

42
Q

Symbolic Interactionist Perspective

A

Simmel’s insights:
Culture can take on a life of its own and, thus, we become controlled by it, e.g., money.