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BIOL226 > CH31 > Flashcards

CH31 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe

Fungi

A
  • Heterotrophs
  • Primarily haploid
  • Feed by absorption
  • Chitinous cell wall
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2
Q

How does a fungi feed?

A
  • Secretes hydrolytic enzymes to break down complex molecules in surroundings and absorb nutrients, especially cellulose and lignin
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3
Q

What are the two most common forms of yeast?

A

Multicellular filaments or single cells, such as yeast

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4
Q

Define

Hyphae

A

Network of tiny filaments composed of tubular cell walls surrounding plasma membrane and cytoplasm

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5
Q

Define

Septa

A

Cross-walls that divide the hyphae into cells, with pores large enough to allow organelle flow from cell to cell

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6
Q

Define

Coenocytic fungi

A

Fungi with no septa, results from nuclei division without cytokinesis

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7
Q

Define

Haustoria

A

Specialized parasitic hyphae fungi use to extract nutrients from or exchange nutrients with plants

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8
Q

Define

Mycorrhizae

A

Said of fungi who have a symbiotic relationship with the roots of a plant

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9
Q

Define

Mycelium

A

Feeding network of hyphae

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10
Q

What are the two types of mycorrhizae?

A
  • Ectomycorrhizae: grows into extracellular space of root cortex
  • Arbuscular: extend branching hyphae through root cell
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11
Q

Define

Plasmogamy

A

Union of the cytoplasms of 2 parent mycelia, creation of heterokaryon or dikaryon, latter of which is functionally diploid

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12
Q

Define

Karyogamy

A
  • Creation of diploid cells from fusion of haploid nuclei
  • Formation of zygotes (meiosis restores haploid condition in the form of spores)
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12
Q

Define

Moulds

A

Asexually-reproducing fungi that produce visible mycelia by release of haploid spores by mitosis

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13
Q

What was the ancestor of fungi like?

A

Aquatic, single-celled, flagellated protists. Belongs in opisthokont clade along with animals for the posterior location of its flagella, formed a symbiotic relationship with plants when moving to land

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14
Q

What are the lineages fungi has radiated into?

A
  • Chytrids
  • Zygomycetes
  • Glomeromycetes
  • Ascomycetes
  • Basiodiomycetes
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15
Q

Describe

Chytrids

A
  • Found in moist environments
  • Release flagellated spores called zoophytes
  • Parasites of plants and animals
16
Q

Describe

Zygomycetes

A
  • Moulds or commensal/parasite
  • Can form resistant zygosporangium w/ same principle as endospores
  • Coencytic
17
Q

Describe

Glomeromycetes

A
  • 80% of plants are mutualist with this fungi
  • Arbuscular mycorrhizae
18
Q

Describe

Ascomycetes

A
  • Production of spores (conidia) in asci, which are contained in ascocarps (the mushroom)
  • Ectomycorrhizae
19
Q

Describe

Basidiomycetes

A
  • Possesses basidium, cell in which karyogamy occurs
  • Creation of fruiting bodies called basidiocarps
  • Important decomposers of lignin

BIOL226 (16 decks)

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