CH.30

Question 1

The law of _____ states that the radiosensitivity of living tissue is a function of the metabolism and maturation of that tissue.

a. Watson and Crick
b. Roentgen and Plank
c. Hurter and Driffield
d. Bergonie and Tribondeau

Answer 1

d. Bergonie and Tribondeau

Question 2

Tissues that are _____ with a _____ metabolic rate are more radiosensitive.

a. immature, low
b. immature, high
c. mature, low
d. mature, high

Answer 2

b. immature, high

Question 3

. _____ is a measure of the rate that energy is transferred from ionizing radiation to soft tissue.

a. LET
b. RBE
c. MeV
d. OER

Answer 3

a. LET

Question 4

As LET _____, the RBE _____.

a. increases, remains the same
b. decreases, remains the same
c. increases, increases
d. increases, decreases

Answer 4

c. increases, increases

Question 5

A protracted dose of radiation is given _____.

a. over a long period of time
b. all at one short exposure
c. in a series of separate doses
d. in two large doses

Answer 5

a. over a long period of time

Question 6

A dose of 10 Gy given to a patient in 5 doses of 2 Gy per day is a _____ dose.

a. protracted
b. fractionated
c. diagnostic
d. fatal

Answer 6

b. fractionated

Question 7

The LET of diagnostic x-rays is _____ keV/ m.

a. 0.2
b. 0.3
c. 3.0
d. 50

Answer 7

c. 3.0

Question 8

The RBE of diagnostic x-rays is equal to _____.

a. 20
b. 10
c. 5
d. 1

Answer 8

d. 1

Question 9

Tissue is _____ radiosensitive under high oxygen conditions and _____ radiosensitive under hypoxic conditions.

a. less, equally
b. less, more
c. more, less
d. more, equally

Answer 9

c. more, less

Question 10

Fractionation and protraction are used for radiation therapy because they allow the patient to _____.

a. recover between doses
b. have higher total doses
c. repair damaged tissues
d. all of the above

Answer 10

d. all of the above

Question 11

Humans are most radiosensitive during _____.

a. fetal stages
b. infancy
c. adulthood
d. old age

Answer 11

a. fetal stages

Question 12

The human application of radioprotective agents would _____.

a. double radiation damage
b. be fatally toxic
c. reduce radiation effects by half
d. reduce radiation effects by one fourth

Answer 12

b. be fatally toxic

Question 13

Human cells cannot recover from radiation damage after there is _____.

a. cellular repair
b. cellular repopulation
c. interphase death
d. sublethal damage

Answer 13

c. interphase death

Question 14

Studies of the effects of radiation show that low doses may _____.

a. stimulate the immune system
b. extend the life span
c. stimulate hormonal responses
d. all of the above

Answer 14

d. all of the above

Question 15

The possible beneficial effect of a small amount of radiation is called _____.

a. radiosensitizing
b. hormesis
c. radioprotection
d. protraction

Answer 15

b. hormesis

Question 16

A _____ response to radiation is directly proportional to the dose received.

a. linear
b. nonlinear
c. curvilinear
d. non-threshold

Answer 16

a. linear

Question 17

If a response to radiation is expected, no matter how small the dose, then that dose-response is _____.

a. linear
b. nonlinear
c. nonthreshold
d. threshold

Answer 17

c. nonthreshold

Question 18

Radiation induced genetic damage follows a _____ dose-response relationship.

a. linear-nonthreshold
b. linear-threshold
c. nonlinear-nonthreshold
d. nonlinear-threshold

Answer 18

a. linear-nonthreshold

Question 19

Which dose-response relationship can follow a sigmoid curve?

a. linear-nonthreshold
b. linear-threshold
c. nonlinear-nonthreshold
d. nonlinear-threshold

Answer 19

d. nonlinear-threshold

Question 20

The human dose-response relationship at low ranges of radiation is calculated using _____.

a. known responses from low doses
b. extrapolation from high ranges
c. human experiments
d. all of the above

Answer 20

b. extrapolation from high ranges

Question 21

Diagnostic x-ray imaging is performed under conditions of ___ oxygenation.

Answer 21

full

Question 22

Cancer, leukemia, or genetic effects are examples of which kind of radiation exposure type?

Answer 22

stochastic

Question 23

Radiation included skin burn represent a ___ response/

Answer 23

determinsitic

Question 24

Radiation induced cancer, leukemia, and genetic effect follow a linear ____ dose response relationship.

Answer 24

nonthreshold

Question 25

Skin effects resulting from high flursocopy follow a ___ type dose response relationship.

Answer 25

sigmoid