CH.30 Flashcards
The law of _____ states that the radiosensitivity of living tissue is a function of the metabolism and maturation of that tissue.
a. Watson and Crick
b. Roentgen and Plank
c. Hurter and Driffield
d. Bergonie and Tribondeau
d. Bergonie and Tribondeau
Tissues that are _____ with a _____ metabolic rate are more radiosensitive.
a. immature, low
b. immature, high
c. mature, low
d. mature, high
b. immature, high
. _____ is a measure of the rate that energy is transferred from ionizing radiation to soft tissue.
a. LET
b. RBE
c. MeV
d. OER
a. LET
As LET _____, the RBE _____.
a. increases, remains the same
b. decreases, remains the same
c. increases, increases
d. increases, decreases
c. increases, increases
A protracted dose of radiation is given _____.
a. over a long period of time
b. all at one short exposure
c. in a series of separate doses
d. in two large doses
a. over a long period of time
A dose of 10 Gy given to a patient in 5 doses of 2 Gy per day is a _____ dose.
a. protracted
b. fractionated
c. diagnostic
d. fatal
b. fractionated
The LET of diagnostic x-rays is _____ keV/ m.
a. 0.2
b. 0.3
c. 3.0
d. 50
c. 3.0
The RBE of diagnostic x-rays is equal to _____.
a. 20
b. 10
c. 5
d. 1
d. 1
Tissue is _____ radiosensitive under high oxygen conditions and _____ radiosensitive under hypoxic conditions.
a. less, equally
b. less, more
c. more, less
d. more, equally
c. more, less
Fractionation and protraction are used for radiation therapy because they allow the patient to _____.
a. recover between doses
b. have higher total doses
c. repair damaged tissues
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
Humans are most radiosensitive during _____.
a. fetal stages
b. infancy
c. adulthood
d. old age
a. fetal stages
The human application of radioprotective agents would _____.
a. double radiation damage
b. be fatally toxic
c. reduce radiation effects by half
d. reduce radiation effects by one fourth
b. be fatally toxic
Human cells cannot recover from radiation damage after there is _____.
a. cellular repair
b. cellular repopulation
c. interphase death
d. sublethal damage
c. interphase death
Studies of the effects of radiation show that low doses may _____.
a. stimulate the immune system
b. extend the life span
c. stimulate hormonal responses
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
The possible beneficial effect of a small amount of radiation is called _____.
a. radiosensitizing
b. hormesis
c. radioprotection
d. protraction
b. hormesis
A _____ response to radiation is directly proportional to the dose received.
a. linear
b. nonlinear
c. curvilinear
d. non-threshold
a. linear
If a response to radiation is expected, no matter how small the dose, then that dose-response is _____.
a. linear
b. nonlinear
c. nonthreshold
d. threshold
c. nonthreshold
Radiation induced genetic damage follows a _____ dose-response relationship.
a. linear-nonthreshold
b. linear-threshold
c. nonlinear-nonthreshold
d. nonlinear-threshold
a. linear-nonthreshold
Which dose-response relationship can follow a sigmoid curve?
a. linear-nonthreshold
b. linear-threshold
c. nonlinear-nonthreshold
d. nonlinear-threshold
d. nonlinear-threshold
The human dose-response relationship at low ranges of radiation is calculated using _____.
a. known responses from low doses
b. extrapolation from high ranges
c. human experiments
d. all of the above
b. extrapolation from high ranges
Diagnostic x-ray imaging is performed under conditions of ___ oxygenation.
full
Cancer, leukemia, or genetic effects are examples of which kind of radiation exposure type?
stochastic
Radiation included skin burn represent a ___ response/
determinsitic
Radiation induced cancer, leukemia, and genetic effect follow a linear ____ dose response relationship.
nonthreshold
Skin effects resulting from high flursocopy follow a ___ type dose response relationship.
sigmoid
