CH.29

Question 1

The _____ is the basic functional unit of all plants and animals.

a. DNA
b. cell
c. macromolecule
d. lipid

Answer 1

b

Question 2

The human body is composed of about 80% _____.

a. carbohydrates
b. protein
c. nucleic acids
d. water

Answer 2

d. water

Question 3

The _____ in the body provide fuel for cell metabolism.

a. protein
b. water
c. carbohydrates
d. hormones

Answer 3

c. carbohydrates

Question 4

The endocrine glands produce _____.

a. hormones
b. lipids
c. antigens
d. glycerol

Answer 4

a. hormones

Question 5

The _____ in the cell are nucleic acids.

a. DNA
b. RNA
c. lipids
d. both A and B

Answer 5

d. both A and B

Question 6

The most radiosensitive target molecule in the human cell is the _____.

a. protein
b. DNA
c. hormone
d. glucose

Answer 6

b. DNA

Question 7

DNA is located in the _____ of the cell.

a. nucleus
b. cytoplasm
c. wall
d. both A and B

Answer 7

a. nucleus

Question 8

The only principal molecules in the body which are simple molecules are _____ molecules.

a. carbohydrate
b. water
c. lipid

Answer 8

b. water

Question 9

The metabolic process of building large molecules from smaller ones is called _____.

a. synthesis
b. catabolism
c. anabolism
d. homeostasis

Answer 9

c. anabolism

Question 10

All the hereditary information about an individual is contained in the _____ cells.

a. germ
b. brain
c. blood
d. skin

Answer 10

a. germ

Question 11

The two major parts of the cell are the nucleus and the _____.

a. mitochondria
b. cell wall
c. nucleolus
d. cytoplasm

Answer 11

d. cytoplasm

Question 12

The cell “engines” are the _____.

a. ribosomes
b. lysosomes
c. mitochondria
d. nucleoli

Answer 12

c. mitochondria

Question 13

The _____ have the function of cleaning contaminants from the cell.

a. mitochondria
b. lysosomes
c. ribosomes
d. chromatids

Answer 13

b. lysosomes

Question 14

A codon is a _____.

a. protein molecule
b. cell organelle
c. genetic message
d. somatic cell

Answer 14

c. genetic message

Question 15

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is located primarily in the _____.

a. cytoplasm
b. nucleus
c. cell wall
d. ribosomes

Answer 15

a. cytoplasm

Question 16

Meiosis is the process of cell division for _____ cells.

a. muscle
b. skin
c. somatic
d. genetic

Answer 16

d. genetic

Question 17

A cell is in _____ when it is not undergoing mitosis or meiosis.

a. prophase
b. anaphase
c. interphase
d. telophase

Answer 17

c. interphase

Question 18

Any chromosome damage induced by radiation could be seen during the _____.

a. metaphase
b. telophase
c. anaphase
d. prophase

Answer 18

a. metaphase

Question 19

During the _____ phase of cell life, each DNA molecule is replicated into two identical daughter DNA molecules.

a. G1
b. G2
c. M
d. S

Answer 19

d. S

Question 20

The process of cell meiosis results in cells with _____ chromosomes each.

a. 22
b. 23
c. 46
d. 48

Answer 20

b. 23

Question 21

The tissue in the _____ is more radiosensitive than _____ tissue.

a. bone marrow, skin
b. brain, cornea
c. muscle, gonadal
d. brain, lymphoid

Answer 21

a. bone marrow, skin

Question 22

Before cells mature, they are called _____ cells.

a. stem
b. precursor
c. undifferentiated
d. all of the above

Answer 22

d. all of the above

Question 23

Most of the tissue in the average human body is composed of _____.

a. blood
b. skin
c. muscle
d. fat

Answer 23

c. muscle

Question 24

Lymphoid tissue begins to atrophy at what amount of radiation dose?

a. 5 Gy
b. 2 Gy
c. 10 Gy
d. 30 Gy

Answer 24

b. 2 Gy

Question 25

One of the most radiosensitive tissues in the body is _____ tissue.

a. spinal
b. muscle
c. lymphoid
d. thyroid

Answer 25

c. lymphoid

Question 25

What are pyrimidines?

Answer 25

Thymine and cytosine

Question 26

What are purines?

Answer 26

Guanine and adenine