ch3-GI Flashcards
at what age does colorectal screening begin
50
what is the most common site of spread of colorectal cancer
liver
what are some common characteristics of Gardner’s syndrome
polyps plus osteomas, dental abnormalities, benign soft tissue tumors, demoed tumors, sebaceous cysts
what is the most common cause of large bowel obstruction in adults
colorectal cancer
what type of adenomatous polyp has the greatest risk of malignancy
adenomatous polyps
what is the most common site of diverticulosis
sigmoid colon
what is the test of choice for diverticulosis
barium enema
what is the diagnostic test of choice for diverticulitis
CT scan
what are some common signs of intestinal infarction
hypotension, tachypnea, lactic acidosis, fever and AMS
what is the classic presentation of acute mesenteric ischemia
acute onset of severe abdominal pain disproportionate to physical findings
what is the definitive diagnostic test for acute mesenteric ischemia
mesenteric angiography
what are the clinical features of hepatorenal syndrome
azotemia, oliguria, hyponatremia, hypotension, low urine sodium
what is the most common etiologic agent that causes spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
E.coli
what is the common medication treatment or Wilsons disease
D-penicillamine
what is the most common benign liver tumor
Cavernous hemangiomas
what is the liver disease caused by occlusion of hepatic venous outflow, which leads to hepatic congestion and subsequent microvascular ischemia
budd-chiari syndrome
what are the clinical features associated with budd-chiari syndrome
hepatomegaly, ascites, abdominal pain (RUQ), jaundice, variceal bleeding
how do you diagnose budd-chiari syndrome
hepatic venography; serum ascites albumin gradient > 1.1 g/dL
what are 3 major causes of jaundice
hemolysis liver disease, biliary obstruction
what type of hyperbilirubinemia should be suspected with dark urine and pale stools
conjugated
what lab is often used to confirm that the ALK-P elevation is hepatic in origin
GGT
what are common scenarios where albumin is decreased
chronic liver disease, nephrotic syndrome, malnutrition, and inflammatory states
what is the gold standard test for choledocholithiasis
ERCP
what is charcots triad and what is it associated with
cholangitis; RUQ pain, jaundice and fever
what should you think of in someone with liver disease who is also pruritic
primary biliary cirrhosis
what is the best noninvasive test for choledochal cysts and what is the best definitive for diagnosis
US for non-invasive; ERCP for definitive
how is biliary dyskinesia diagnosed
HIDA scan
what is the most common site for carcinoid tumors
appendix
what is the hypocalcemia seen in acute pancreatitis due to
fat saponification (fat necrosis binds calcium)
what pain medications are preferred with acute pancreatitis
fentanyl or meperidine
what is the most sensitive test for pancreatic cancer
ERCP
what should you always ask patients with GI bleeding
if they take any NSAIDS/aspirin, clopidogrel, or anticoagulants
where is the bleeding likely coming from if they have bright red blood in stool
lower GI source (left colon or rectum)
what is the diagnostic test that should be ordered for evaluation of upper GI bleed
upper endoscopy
what is the most common symptom of esophageal cancer
dysphagia
what is the absolute criteria for diagnosis of achalasia
incomplete relaxation of LES, peristalsis of esophagus
how is diffuse esophageal spasm diagnosed
esophageal manometry
what are clinical features associated with esophageal diverticula
dysphagia, regurgitation, halitosis, weight loss, chronic cough
what will be sign on imaging with perforation due to PUD
free air under diaphragm in upright Chest Xray
what is the clinical presentation of small bowel obstruction (proximal)
frequent vomiting, severe pain, minimal abdominal distention
what is the clinical presentation of small bowel obstruction (distal)
less frequent vomiting and significant abdominal distention
what is the most common extra intestinal manifestation of IBD
arthritis
does ulcerative colitis or crohns disease have skip lesions
crohns disease
