ch2_predictors of successful aging Flashcards
3 Rs that helped Esther get to 100 y/o
Resolution
Resourcefulness
Resilience
predictors of successful aging
- culture and gender
- genetics
- health and social services
- lifestyle choices and behaviours
- psychological attributes
- life events
- socioeconomic status
- physical and social env
how much does genetics dev the aging process
20-30%
2 main categories of modern biological theories of aging
-programmed theory
- damage theory
what is programmed theory of aging
aging follows a biological timetable that depends on changes in gene expression affecting the systems responsible for maintenance, repair and defence responses
what is damage theory of aging
environmental stress to living organism would induce cumulative damage at various levels as the cause of aging
damage theory vs programmed theory research papers
more damage theory papers
74 vs 562
components of programmed theory
- programmed longevity
- endocrine theory
- immunological theory
- hay flick immunological theory
what is programmed longevity
aging is the result of a sequential switching on and off of certain genes, with senescence being defined as the time when age-associated deficits are manifested
what is endocrine theory
biological clocks act through hormones to control the pace of aging. Supported by recent studies showing that insulin plays a key role in the hormonal regulation of aging
what is immunological theory
the immune system is programmed to decline over time, which leads to an increased vulnerability to infectious disease and thus aging and death
what is hay flick immunological theory
normal human cells can only replicate and divide forty to sixty times before they cannot divide anymore, and will break down by programmed cell death or apotosis
components of damage or error theory
- wear and tear theory
- rate of living theory
- cross-liking theory
- free radicals theory
- somatic DNA damage theory
what is wear and tear theory
cells and tissues have vital parts that wear out resulting in aging
what is rate living theory
the greater an organisms rate of oxygen basal metabolism, the shorter its life span
what is cross-liking theory
an accumulation of cross-linked proteins would damage cells and tissues, slowing down bodily processes resulting in aging
what is free radicals theory
superoxide and other free radicals would cause damage to the macromolecular components of the cell, causing cells, and eventually organs, to stop functioning
what is somatic DNA damage theory
aging would result from damage to the genetic integrity of the bodys cells. In particular, genetic mutations and damage to mitochondrial DNA would affect bodys cells
which factor contributes the most to life expectancy in animals
difference in heart rate (slower HR = longer life)
what is the most frequently cited barrier by OA to exercise
fear of falling and injury
what do OA like about PA programs
- mod intensity
- convenience
- inexpensive
- unstructured, independent PA
- home programs (inc adherence)
what do OA dislike about PA programs
- competitive
- group exercise programs
steps to improve exercise programs adoption
1-explore expectations and exercise objectives
2- set goals
good goals
- measurable
- specific
- behavioral
myths in the active older adult
1- you have to be healthy to exercise (goal of PA is to improve health one step at a time)
2- I am too old to start exercising
3- you need special clothing + equipment
4- no pain-no gain
5- too busy to exercise (adapt)
exercise program: FITT
frequency: 3x/wk
intensity: 1RM measured during: kn ext, kn flex, seated bench press, seated row
goal: 3 sets of 8-12 reps 85-100% of the initial 1-RM at the end of the program
TYPE: progressive resistance training
TIME: exercise sessions lasted btw 60-90min
what is the focus of research studies the effect of PA on psychological well-being
- self-esteem
- self-efficacy
- general well-being
what is self-eficacy
an indu sens of control of his or her env and ability to function effectively
how long should an exercise program be
10wks and +
why should exercise program be 10+ wks
greater effect on psychological well-being vs shorter prog
what combination of skills is involved in cognitive funct
- memory
- attention span
- learning
- goal setting
- decision making
- problem solving
which type of PA promotes cognitive func
aerobic + strength
4 categories of cognitive function
- speed tasks (rx time)
- visuospatial tasks (puzzle)
- controlled processing asks (driving)
- executive control tasks (coordination, inhibition, working memory)
PA has the greatest impact on which cognitive task
performance of executive control tasks (complex tasks)
