ch28 ped's genetics

Question 1

1. The head-to-tail direction of growth is referred to as:

Answer 1

cephalocaudal.

Question 2

2. Which term refers to those times in an individual’s life when he or she is more susceptible to positive or negative influences?

Answer 2

Sensitive period

Question 3

3. An infant who weighs 7 lbs at birth would be expected to weigh how many pounds at age 1 year?

Answer 3

21 lbs

In general birth, weight triples by the end of the first year of life.

Question 4

4. By what age does birth length usually double?

Answer 4

4yrs old

Question 5

5. How does the onset of the pubertal growth spurt compare in girls and boys?

Answer 5

It occurs earlier in girls.

Question 6

6. A 13-year-old girl asks the nurse how much taller she will become. She has been growing about 2 inches per year but grew 4 inches this past year. Menarche recently occurred. The nurse should base her response on knowing that:

Answer 6

approximately 95% of mature height is achieved when menarche occurs.

Question 7

7. A child’s skeletal age is best determined by:

Answer 7

radiographs of the hand and wrist.

Question 8

8. Trauma to which site can result in a growth problem for children’s long bones?

Answer 8

Epiphyseal cartilage plate

Question 9

9. Lymphoid tissues in children such as lymph nodes are:

Answer 9

twice their adult size by age 10 to 12 years.

Question 10

10. Which statement is true about the basal metabolic rate (BMR) in children?

Answer 10

It is slightly higher in boys than in girls at all ages.

Question 11

11. A mother reports that her 6-year-old child is highly active and irritable and that she has irregular habits and adapts slowly to new routines, people, or situations. According to Chess and Thomas, which category of temperament best describes this child?

Answer 11

Difficult child

Question 12

12. By the time children reach their 12 birthday, they should have learned to trust others and should have developed a sense of:

Answer 12

industry.

Question 13

13. The predominant characteristic of the intellectual development of the child ages 2 to 7 years is egocentricity. What best describes this concept?

Answer 13

Inability to put self in another’s place

-piaget

Question 14

14. The nurse is observing parents playing with their 10-month-old daughter. What should the nurse recognize as evidence that the child is developing object permanence?

Answer 14

She looks for the toy the parents hide under the blanket.

Question 15

15. What is the characteristic of the preoperational stage of cognitive development?

Answer 15

Thinking is concrete.
Preoperational thinking is concrete and tangible. Children in this age-group cannot reason beyond the observable, and they lack the ability to make deductions or generalizations. Increasingly logical thought, inductive reasoning, and the ability to make generalizations are characteristic of the concrete operations stage of development, ages 7 to 11 years.

Question 16

16. Which behavior is most characteristic of the concrete operations stage of cognitive development?

Answer 16

Increasingly logical and coherent thought processes.
(During the concrete operations stage of development, which occurs approximately between ages 7 and 11 years, increasingly logical and coherent thought processes occur. This is characterized by the child’s ability to classify, sort, order, and organize facts to use in problem solving.)

Question 17

17. According to Kohlberg, children develop moral reasoning as they mature. What is the most characteristic of a preschooler’s stage of moral development?

Answer 17

Actions are determined as good or bad in terms of their consequences.
Preschoolers are most likely to exhibit characteristics of Kohlberg’s preconventional level of moral development.

Question 18

18. At what age do children tend to imitate the religious gestures and behaviors of others without understanding their significance?

Answer 18

Toddlerhood

Question 19

19. A toddler playing with sand and water would be participating in _____ play.

Answer 19

sense-pleasure

Question 20

20. In what type of play are children engaged in similar or identical activity without organization, division of labor, or mutual goal?

Answer 20

Associative

Question 21

21. The nurse observes some children in the playroom. Which play situation exhibits the characteristics of parallel play?

Answer 21

Brian playing with his truck next to Kristina playing with her truck.

Question 22

22. Three children playing a board game would be an example of:

Answer 22

cooperative play.

Question 23

23. Which function of play is a major component of play at all ages?

Answer 23

Sensorimotor activity

Question 24

24. What is probably the single most important influence on growth at all stages of development?

Answer 24

Nutrition

Question 25

25. Which strategy would be the least appropriate for a child to use to cope?

Answer 25

Having parents solve problems

Question 26

26. The intrauterine environment can have a profound and permanent effect on the developing fetus with or without chromosome or gene abnormalities. Most adverse intrauterine effects are the result of teratogens. The nurse is cognizant that this group of agents does not include:

Answer 26

amniotic bands

Question 27

27. The karyotype of a person is 47, XY, +21. This person is a:

Answer 27

male with Down syndrome.

Question 28

28. Frequent developmental assessments are important for which reason?

Answer 28

Critical periods of development occur during childhood.

Question 29

29. The theorist who viewed developmental progression as a lifelong series of conflicts that need resolution is:

Answer 29

Erikson.

Question 30

30. Which “expected outcome” would be developmentally appropriate for a hospitalized 4-year-old child?

Answer 30

The child will independently ask for play materials or other personal needs.
(Erikson identifies initiative as a developmental task for the preschool child. Initiating play activities and asking for play materials or assistance with personal needs demonstrate developmental appropriateness. )

Question 31

1. Play serves many purposes. In teaching parents about appropriate activities, the nurse should inform them that play serves the following function: (Select all that apply.)

Answer 31

• intellectual development.
  
  • self-awareness.
  • creativity.