CH23: Cells and Tissues Flashcards
What are the three parts of the apical meristem?
- protoderm
- ground meristem
- procambium
What primary tissue is produced by the protoderm?
Epidermis (dermal tissue system, can include endodermis)
What primary tissue(s) is produced by the ground meristem?
- pith
- cortex
What lateral meristem from what primary tissue is produced by the ground meristem?
cork cambium from cortex of the ground meristem
What secondary tissues are produced by the lateral meristem of ground meristem?
- cork
- phelloderm
What primary tissues are produced by the procambium?
Primary xylem and primary phloem
What lateral meristem is made by the procambium?
vascular cambium
What secondary tissues are produced by the procambrium?
Secondary xylem and secondary phloem.
What kind of cell in humans can meristem cells be compared to?
Stem cells
What are the three types of ground tissues?
- collenchyma
- sclerenchyma
- parenchyma
Describe parenchyma cells.
- thin cell walls (usu 1)
- living protoplast
- photosynthesis
- storage
- secretion
Describe collenchyma cells.
- uneeveenly thickened cell walls (non-lignified)
- soft and pliable
- live at maturity
- appear to glisten
Describe sclerenchyma cells
- evenly thickened cell walls (lignified)
- hard, not pliable
What gives pears their gritty texture?
Sclerids
What are sclerids?
- 3D, short
- found in ground tissue
- make up seed coats, shells of nuts, and endocarp of stone fruit
What is phelloderm?
Phelloderm is a layer of parenchyma produced by the cork cambium
- functions in defense
What does cambium mean?
Mitotic - actively dividing
What cell types are found in xylem?
- tracheary elements
- fibers
- parenchyma
Principal function of tracheary elements
Conduction of water and minerals
Principal function of fibers in xylem.
Support, sometimes storage
What cells types are found in phloem?
- sieve elements
- sclerenchyma
- perenchyma
What are the two components of sieve elements?
- sieve cells (with albuminous cells)
- sieve-tube elements (with companion cells)
Principal function of sieve elements.
Long distance transport of food materials and signaling molecules
Function of sclerenchyma
support, sometimes storage
Two components of sclerenchyma in phloem.
- fibers
- sclereids
Is xylem dead or alive at maturity?
Dead
Is phloem dead or alove at maturity?
Alive
Are stomata on the top of bottom more often and why?
On the bottom because they are more likely to dry out if on the top.
What is a trichome?
A small hair or other outgrowth from the epidermis of a plant
What is a stomata composed of?
Two guard cells and a stomatal opening
What is the cork cambium?
A meiotic layer that produces more cork
What kind of cells are found in the cortex?
Parenchyma cells
Function(s) of Parenchyma
- respiration
- secretion
- photosynthesis
- storage
- conduction
- wound healing
Where is parenchyma found?
-throughout plpant body
- cortex
- pith and pith rays
- xylem and phloem
What are the two dermal tissues?
Epidermis and Peridermis
Finish looking at slide 34 and 35 of ch 23 pp
