CH23: Cells and Tissues

Question 1

What are the three parts of the apical meristem?

Answer 1

1. protoderm
2. ground meristem
3. procambium

Question 2

What primary tissue is produced by the protoderm?

Answer 2

Epidermis (dermal tissue system, can include endodermis)

Question 3

What primary tissue(s) is produced by the ground meristem?

Answer 3

• pith
• cortex

Question 4

What lateral meristem from what primary tissue is produced by the ground meristem?

Answer 4

cork cambium from cortex of the ground meristem

Question 5

What secondary tissues are produced by the lateral meristem of ground meristem?

Answer 5

• cork
• phelloderm

Question 6

What primary tissues are produced by the procambium?

Answer 6

Primary xylem and primary phloem

Question 7

What lateral meristem is made by the procambium?

Answer 7

vascular cambium

Question 8

What secondary tissues are produced by the procambrium?

Answer 8

Secondary xylem and secondary phloem.

Question 9

What kind of cell in humans can meristem cells be compared to?

Answer 9

Stem cells

Question 10

What are the three types of ground tissues?

Answer 10

1. collenchyma
2. sclerenchyma
3. parenchyma

Question 11

Describe parenchyma cells.

Answer 11

• thin cell walls (usu 1)
• living protoplast
• photosynthesis
• storage
• secretion

Question 12

Describe collenchyma cells.

Answer 12

• uneeveenly thickened cell walls (non-lignified)
• soft and pliable
• live at maturity
• appear to glisten

Question 13

Describe sclerenchyma cells

Answer 13

• evenly thickened cell walls (lignified)
• hard, not pliable

Question 14

What gives pears their gritty texture?

Answer 14

Sclerids

Question 15

What are sclerids?

Answer 15

• 3D, short
• found in ground tissue
• make up seed coats, shells of nuts, and endocarp of stone fruit

Question 16

What is phelloderm?

Answer 16

Phelloderm is a layer of parenchyma produced by the cork cambium
- functions in defense

Question 17

What does cambium mean?

Answer 17

Mitotic - actively dividing

Question 18

What cell types are found in xylem?

Answer 18

• tracheary elements
• fibers
• parenchyma

Question 19

Principal function of tracheary elements

Answer 19

Conduction of water and minerals

Question 20

Principal function of fibers in xylem.

Answer 20

Support, sometimes storage

Question 21

What cells types are found in phloem?

Answer 21

• sieve elements
• sclerenchyma
• perenchyma

Question 22

What are the two components of sieve elements?

Answer 22

• sieve cells (with albuminous cells)
• sieve-tube elements (with companion cells)

Question 23

Principal function of sieve elements.

Answer 23

Long distance transport of food materials and signaling molecules

Question 24

Function of sclerenchyma

Answer 24

support, sometimes storage

Question 25

Two components of sclerenchyma in phloem.

Answer 25

- fibers - sclereids

Question 26

Is xylem dead or alive at maturity?

Answer 26

Dead

Question 27

Is phloem dead or alove at maturity?

Answer 27

Alive

Question 28

Are stomata on the top of bottom more often and why?

Answer 28

On the bottom because they are more likely to dry out if on the top.

Question 29

What is a trichome?

Answer 29

A small hair or other outgrowth from the epidermis of a plant

Question 30

What is a stomata composed of?

Answer 30

Two guard cells and a stomatal opening

Question 31

What is the cork cambium?

Answer 31

A meiotic layer that produces more cork

Question 32

What kind of cells are found in the cortex?

Answer 32

Parenchyma cells

Question 33

Function(s) of Parenchyma

Answer 33

- respiration - secretion - photosynthesis - storage - conduction - wound healing

Question 34

Where is parenchyma found?

Answer 34

-throughout plpant body - cortex - pith and pith rays - xylem and phloem

Question 35

What are the two dermal tissues?

Answer 35

Epidermis and Peridermis

Question 36

Finish looking at slide 34 and 35 of ch 23 pp