Ch20: Angiosperms Evolution

Question 1

What is cross pollination? How is outcrossing related?

Answer 1

Cross pollination is when different plants pollinate each other (this could be a different species).

Outcrossing is pollination with the same species but with a genetically different individual to increase diversity.

Question 2

What are the characteristics of bird pollinated flowers? Bat? Fly? Bee?

Answer 2

Bird: colorfull (red or yelow) with copious, thin nectar.

Bat: dull in color, only open at night. Hang down or on trunk for access. Very strong fermenting, fruitlike, or musty smell.

Fly: rotting meat, large and flesh color.

Bee: bright petals (blue or yellow) with distinctive patterns.

Question 3

What is the apparent function of most secondary plant metabolites (caffeine, nicotine, morphine)?

Answer 3

To make themselves less appetising as protection from herbivores.

Question 4

What is a simple fruit vs complex fruit?

Answer 4

Simple: develop from a single carpel or from united carpels (bean pod, tomato)

Complex: multiple carples are needed

Question 5

Indehiscent vs dehiscent?

Answer 5

Indehiscent: do not split open at maturity

Dehiscent: split open at maturity, commonly have multiple seeds.

Question 6

What evolutionary trends are seen in advanced flowers?

Answer 6

1. few parts definate in number
2. shortened floral exis so the origional spiral arrangement is no longer evident, floral parts often fused
3. ovary becomes inferior rather than superior, perianth become differenctiated into a distinct calyx and corolla.
4. radial symmetry is now bilateral symmetry

Question 7

What are the major seed dispersal mechanisms?

Answer 7

Wind, water, animals (eaten or caught on fur)

Question 8

Label parts of flower or fruit (seed)