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A&P Test 2 > Ch.20 Blood Vessels 2 > Flashcards

Ch.20 Blood Vessels 2 Flashcards

0
Q

Blood viscosity

A

Resistance to flow (thickness)

Ex: anemia- decreased viscosity-decreased resistance- increased blood flow

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1
Q

Resistance

A

Amount of friction blood experiences traveling through vessels slowing it down affected by

  • blood viscosity
  • vessel length
  • vessel radius
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2
Q

Vessel length

A

Increase vessel length link
(example: weight gain)

Increased resistance
Decreased blood flow

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3
Q

Vessel radius

A

Increased diameter

Decrease resistance

Increase total blood flow

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4
Q

Blood pressure

A

Force per unit area of blood vessel wall (hydrostatic)

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5
Q

Blood Pressure gradient

A

Highest in arteries and lowest in veins

Driving force in propelling blood through the vessels

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6
Q

Arterial blood pressure

A

Pulsing b/c ventricles are contracting systolic P an relaxing diastolic P

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7
Q

average blood pressure

A

120/80 mmHg

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8
Q

Pulse pressure

A

Difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure

(Ex: 180 come backkkk

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9
Q

Pulse

A

Throbbing sensations associated with pulse pressure

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10
Q

Capillary blood pressure

A

Pulse pressure and capillaries - 0
-low enough so that not to damage vessels behind
-high enough to ensure capillary exchange
-

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11
Q

Mean arterial pressure (MAP)

A

Average of blood pressure forces on arteries

MAP= Diastolic pressure + 1/3 post pressure

Ex: ((80*2)+120)/3= 93

MAP<60 insufficient blood flow

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12
Q

Capillary blood pressure at the arterial end is about…

Capillary blood pressure at the venous end is below…

A

…35mm Hg (filtration)

…16mm Hg (reabsorption)

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13
Q

Venous blood pressure

A
  • venous return
  • 20mm Hg in venues =0 reaches right atrium
  • small gradient may be insufficient to move blood when standing so moment is facilitated by valves & skeletal muscle & respiratory pumps
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14
Q

Venous return

A

movement of blood back to the heart

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15
Q

Skeletal muscle pump

A

Assists movement of blood within the limbs with each muscle contraction while valves help to prevent backflow

Prolonged inactivity leads to blood pooling in leg veins

16
Q

Respiratory pump

A

Assist movement of blood from abdominal >
thoracic cavity>
heart (due to action of the diaphragm)

17
Q

Short-term (neural) regulation of blood pressure

A

-occurs through autonomic resources
-monitors blood pressure & makes adjustments quickly by altering:
Cardiac output
Resistance (vessel diameter)

18
Q

Long term (hormonal) regulation of blood pressure

A
  • Occurs through endocrine reflexes
  • moniters blood pressure and makes adjustments slowly but altering:
Resistance (vessel diameter)
Blood volume (fluid intake or urine output)
19
Q

Cardiovascular center

A

Located in medulla

  • cardiac center
  • vasomotor center
20
Q

Cardiac center

A

Regulates heart activity

  • cardioacceleratory (sympathetic) center
  • cardioinhibitory center
21
Q

Vasomotor center

A

Controls the degree of vasoconstriction

  • sympathetic pathways
22
Q

-cardioacceleratory (sympathetic) center

A

Increase heart rate and force

Increased cardiac output

Increased blood pressure

23
Q

cardioinhibitory (parasympathetic) center

A

Decreased heart rate

Decrease cardiac output

Decreased blood pressure

24
Q

Sympathetic pathways

A

Extend to various blood vessels

Response will depend on the receptor type located on the vessel:

  • alpha receptors
  • beta receptors
25
Q

Alpha receptors

A

(In most vessels)

Trigger vasoconstriction

26
Q

Beta receptors

A

Are present (in most vessels) (cardiac and skeletal muscles) trigger vasodilation

27
Q

Activation of vasomotor center leads to

A

A. Due to constriction of many vessels > increased blood pressure
B. Increased circulating blood volume due to the shifting blood from venous reservoirs > increased blood pressure
C. Redistribution of blood flow

28
Q

Cardiovascular center response is triggered by the information arriving from…

A

Baroreceptors
&
chemoreceptors

29
Q

Baroreceptors

A

Respond to the stretch in the vessel walls

-aortic arch
Carotid Sinus

30
Q

Aortic Arch

A

Monitor systematic blood pressure

31
Q

Carotid sinus

A

Monitor blood pressure in the head and the neck, more sensitive

32
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

(Carotid body & aortic bodies)

Respond to:
Increased CO2,
Decreased pH
Decreased O2

33
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Can increase cardiac output & resistance triggered by:

  • increased body temperature
  • fight or flight response
34
Q

Limbic system alters

A

Blood pressure in response to emotions

A&P Test 2 (6 decks)

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