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Ch2 Nazi Germany Flashcards

Shoutout to the groups who rebel against Nazi they are truly brave :)

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1
Q

Political System of Pre WW1 Germany

A

Kaiser.

Relies on Chief ministers, chancellor and commanders of the army

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2
Q

Was Germany winning or losing WW1

A

Germany was losing badly.

British Royal Navy blocking all supplies
300k Germans suffering from malnutrition
Germany’s economy in ruins

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3
Q

What did Kaiser do after realising Germany was clearly losing?

A

Involved Reichstag in making decisions

To shift the blame to the elected politicians

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4
Q

What caused the Kaiser to abidicate?

A

Germany’s loss in WW1 and the poor conditions of the economy and starvation of people during WW1

Caused much unrest

Kaiser forced to abdicate

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5
Q

Armstice signed in…?
ToV signed in…?

A

Armstice: November 1918
ToV: June 1919

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6
Q

hint: 1918 is around the time of signing of A___

Who got elected on 10th November 1918?

A

Friedrich Ebert from SPD got elected on 10th November 1918 - Democratic Republic

New leader of the Republic of Germany

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7
Q

Who signed Armistrice in 11th November 1918

A

Friedrich Ebert from the SPD signed it

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8
Q

Weimar Republic was established at…?

A

August 1919

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9
Q

The new way that democrat government would work

Democrat Constituition of the new Republic of Germany

Did anyone disapprove of this constituition?

A

Weimar Constituition
(Includes the whole Hierachy from President to German People)

Majority in the Reichstag voted for it, but there were some who voted against it

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10
Q

What did the New Constituition of the Republic of Germany allow?

A
  1. German people over the age of 20 to vote (women included)
  2. Party representation of the Reichstag to be determined by proportional representation
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11
Q

President, Chancellor, Judges in courts, armed forces relation and what they do

A

President
Elected by People Directly
- Head of state
- Not involved in the day to day running of govt.
- Can use Article 48 to pass laws without consulting Reichstag
- Elects Chancellor, Judges in courts, and Armed Forces

Chancellor
Appointed by President
- Responsible for day to day running of govt.
- Need 2/3 reichstag support to pass laws

Judges in Courts
Appointed by President
- Settles court cases and delivers the sentence

Armed Forces
Appointed by President
- Defends the country

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12
Q

Relation of Government ministers, Reichstag and Local Govt.

A

Reichstag
- Elected by people, based on proportional representation
- Can support or go against each of the government’s policies

Government Ministers
- Reichstag
- Appointed by Government

Local Govt.
- Elected by people
- 17 Local govts. total (example: Prussia)
- Power limited by constitution

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13
Q

Weimar Govt. Strengths

A
  • Any party taking part would gain seats, so diverse views and interests are represented in the Reichstag
  • Laws had to be approved by the Reichstag so Chancellor cannot just anyhow pass laws and abuse power
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14
Q

Weimar Govt. Weaknesses

A
  • Hard one party gain majority, all parties gain seats
  • Parties made coalitions (several political parties with similar ideals team up, vote certain thing)
  • Article 48, preserve democracy/ exploited, misused
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15
Q

What are the major challenges of the Weimar Republic?

A
  1. ToV
  2. Sparticist Uprising
  3. Kapp Putsch
  4. Occupation of Ruhr and Hyperinflation
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16
Q

Why is ToV a challenge towards the Weimar Republic?

A
  • Vast majority of Germans thought Germany won
  • German people expected a negotiated Treaty, shocked and angry when they saw the real terms
  • Felt it was diktat (dictated peace Treaty)

Why is it a challenge?
- Poisoned the attitudes of many Germans towards Weimar, violence took root in the country, extremist attitudes and voices grew

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17
Q

Why is the Sparticist Uprising a challenge towards the Weimar Republic?

A
  • They were communist (leftwing)
  • They fought for power and clashed in the streets with Freikorps and the Weimar Republic
  • Bitter street fighting and casualties
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18
Q

What are the Freikorps? How did they help the Weimar overcome communists?

A
  • anti-communist band, WWI veterans
  • Ebert made an agreement with the Freikorp’s commanders
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19
Q

Outcome of the Sparticist Uprising

A
  • Freikorps and Ebert won
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20
Q

Freikorps partnered with Weimar. What happened after?

Why was the Kapp Putsch a challenge to the Weimar Republic?

A
  • Wolfgang Kapp lead 5000 Freikorps, rebel and overthrow the Weimar Republic as they wanted an authoritarian system
  • Army refused to act against Kapp
  • 12 million industrial workers helped Weimar and went on a strike, all civil servants refused to cooperate with Kapp

Why is it a challenge?
- Courts set many rebels free
- No other rebels were punished except Kapp
- Political violence still continued

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21
Q

The first ruler of the Weimar

A

Ebert

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22
Q

What was the outcome of the Kapp Putsch, and why?

A

Outcome
- Kapp fled the country, hunted down and died while awaiting trial

Why?
- Although Army did not act,
- Civil servants and government officials cooperated,
- and workers went on strike

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23
Q

Why was the occupation of Ruhr and hyperinflation a challenge to Germany?

A

context
- ToV reparments 6.6bil pounds
- they can’t pay it
- Ruhr valley, their most important and valuable industrial region, was occupied by French and Belgian troops
- German workers go on strike

The problems
- Sudden halt of industrial goods lead to Germany currency collapse
- Banknotes, which were printed to repay debts became worthless
- Prices of daily needs rose
- Middle-class families couldn’t afford a loaf of bread due to currency devaluation

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24
Q

New Chancellor of Weimar

A
  • Gustav
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25
Q

What happened when the 4 challenges of Weimar was on them? What did the political opponents do?

A
  • Link all problems to ToV, and blame Weimar politicians for signing ToV
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26
Q

How did Weimar Govt. attempt to solve the 4 problems they had?

A

recall 4 problems
1. ToV
2. Sparticist Uprising
3. Kapp Putsch
4. Occupation of Ruhr and Hyperinflation

How to solve?
Divided into
1. Economy problems
2. Violence problems -> because unsatisfied with economy

Therefore, it is economy problems, mainly.

Solutions to economy problems
- Replace German mark with Rentenmark
- Negotiated reorganiation of reparations through Young and Dawes Plan

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27
Q

Result of the plans that Gustav made to solve the economic problems

A
  • Economy recovered, finances stabilised, debt repayed
  • Democracy had a chance of taking root
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28
Q

When was the golden age of Weimar? When was it, and what were the opinions of that period?

A

time
1923-1929

opinions
- democracy had a chance to take root?
- Worst of the years averted, stability and success
- This period is just to mask the major weaknesses of Weimar

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29
Q

Who founded the NSDAP? Which political spectrum is it, left, right or center?

A
  • Anton Drexter
  • Right-wing movement
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30
Q

Why did Hitler rise through the party ranks in NSDAP? What was the result of him joining the party?

A

WHY?
- Excellent speaker
- Argued that nationalist ideals would garner the party more support

What was the result of him joining?
- the 25 points
- nationalist policies were developed in NSDAP

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31
Q

Nazi’s 7 main beliefs in the 25 points programme

A
  • Abolition of ToV
  • Citizens to be favoured over foregniers in large businesses
  • Union between Germany and Austria
  • Generous provision for old-age people
  • Racial purity (Aryan race) and Jews to be excluded
  • Creation of a strong central govt. in Germany
  • Autarky (self sufficiency)
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32
Q

When Hitler took power and overthrew Drexler, what did he change?

A
  • appointed close allies in the party to key roles
  • Goering in charge of SA
  • SA turned from informal group into private security with uniforms and command structure
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33
Q

Why did Hitler feel confident to overthrow the government in the Putsch?

A
  • 50,000 members of the Nazi Party
  • Thousands turned up to hear Hitler speak
  • Weimar had experienced years of problems
  • He had the support of important figures such as Erich who was a national hero
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34
Q

How did Hitler first attempt to overthrow Weimar? + Date

A

Date: November 1923
The Munich Putsch
- Marched into Munich as an open act of rebellion, expected police and troops to support him

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35
Q

The result of Munich Putsch

A
  • Armed police fight against Hitler, didnt cooperate, unexpected
  • Goering shot, went -> hiding
  • 16 Nazis, 4 police killed
  • Hitler escaped, arrested 2 days later
  • Nazi party banned
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36
Q

What were the consequences the Nazis faced for organising the Munich Putsch?

A
  • Nazi Party member Lundendoff released, faced no punishment, elected to Reichstag in 1924
  • Hitler faced trial, became a showcase for him as judge had strong nationalistic views and disliked the Weimar Republic
  • Hitler’s prison was comfortable and he had access to books and visitors
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37
Q

How did the Munich Putsch help Hitler?

A
  • Court case where he made long speeches criticising Weimar and setting out his ideas were extensively covered by news
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38
Q

Who resonated with the views of Nazi Party? What was the result of this?

A
  • Powerful groups such as judges, war heroes and important business owners
  • Anti-communists

result
- gained a lot of support
- contribution to finances of party
- 100k membership by 1924

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39
Q

After Munich Putsch and his time in jail, what did Hitler do?

A
  • Write Mein Kampf
  • He created the SS and it was expanded upon by a Hitler Loyalist (Heinrich)
  • Secured himself as the leader of Nazi Party
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40
Q

What is Mein Kampf?

A
  • Nazi Policies stated clearly and simply
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41
Q

5 Key Ideas in Mein Kampf

A
  • Total loyalty to Fuehrer
  • Loyalty to Germany, racial purity, equality, state control
  • Aryans master race, all other races, especially Jews were inferior
  • War and struggle is key for development
  • Germany needs Lebensraum (living space), achieved through expansion into Russia and Poland
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42
Q

How were Hitler’s speeches, and his ability to speak like?

A
  • Persuasive, charming, confident
  • Prepared and practiced his speeches
  • Speeches in beer halls
  • Adressed people’s concerns in speeches
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43
Q

What is some hurdles that Nazis had even after garnering support of large businesses and delivering speeches in beer halls? How did Nazi Party overcome it? How effective was it? (1924)

A
  • Industrial workers supported SPD or Communists, not Nazis

overcome by
- farming communities more receptive
- Praised farming communities for being true Aryans
- Attacked Weimar for not looking after their interests

effective?
- not very effective as Weimar was in it’s golden age (1924-1929)

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44
Q

Weimar Prosperity Age

A

1924-1929

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45
Q

How did the Weimar try to stabilise the economy in the Golden Age of Weimar? When was the Golden age of weimar?

A

when
1924-1929

how to stabilise economy
- loans and investments from US banks
- Young plan e.g. to try to rework debts
- Generous welfare benefits

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46
Q

Important Nazi Members (6 of them, and what they do)

A

Joseph Goebbels
- Responsible for Nazi propaganda
Rudolf Hess
- Deputy Leader of Nazi party until 1941
Himmler
- Leader of SS
- Involved in Final Solution
Goering
- Chief of German Air Force
- Involved in Final Solution
Robert Lay
- Head of German Labour Front
Albert Spear
- Used forced labourers to increase German production

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47
Q

When was the Great Depression?

A

1929

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48
Q

How did the Great Depression impact Germany?

A
  • US economy crashed
  • US banks removed investment in Germany, told Germany to repay loans

LINK
- Germany economy which so relied on US investments crashed
- Businesses went bankrupt
- Workers laid off

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49
Q

What was the impact on the German people when the Depression hit?

A
  • Slums were made
  • income of Germans fell by 40%
  • unemployment
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50
Q

When did the coalition government collapse? (after 1929 Great Depression) Why?

A
  • SPD wanted to increase welfare for unemployed, coalition government tied to SPD refused
  • Coalition collapsed in 1930
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51
Q

Why did Democracy fail after the coalition government collapsed (after SPD coalition was gone)

A
  • Paul Von Hindernburg used Article 48 to appoint new Chancellor (Bruning) who was harsh
  • Article 48 also used to pass new laws as parties cannot come to common consensus
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52
Q

Why was communism on the rise after the coalition government in the SPD collapsed?

A

LINK
- Paul Von Hindernburg used Article 48 to appoint new Chancellor who was harsh (Heinrinch Bruning)
- Harsh measures affected millions of Germans
- Political parties seemed to care about position more than passing welfare laws

Thus, 1 million workers turned to communism

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53
Q

After Bruning’s Harsh measures, did more turn to Nazi Party or the Communists? Why?

A

More turned to communists. Communists had:
- Effective publicity machine that published posters
- Organised meetings
- Youth movement

54
Q

As the communists rised in party seats (after Bruning’s Harsh Movements), who were startled? Why?

Who did these people turn towards?

A
  1. Business leaders
    - Scared of communist state control of businesses
    2 Middle classes
    - Communists hostile towards them
    3 Landowning farmers
    - Russia’s USSR killed farmers and took over their land

Turned towards Nazi Party as they seemed to be only ones capable of stopping communists

55
Q

Seeing that communists garnered so much support from the Great Depression, what did Hitler try to do to exploit the Depression?

A
  • used film, radio print to spread message
  • Hitler promised to sweep politicians that fought for their own interests away
  • Used propaganda to blame the Depression as a result of ToV and blame Weimar politicians, promising strong and decisive actions
  • Mass rallies to convey the power of the state and convince Germans to vote for Hitler (Nuremberg Rallies)
56
Q

What did Hitler promise to do after 1930 that attracted people to vote for him? Why were the people attracted to vote as a result?

A

end ineffective coalition govt.
- People who were frustrated with coalition govt. not being able to come to common consensus voted for him
restore glory days of authoratarian rule
- People who longed for authoratian rule to come back voted
return to traditional German values
- Farmers, rural communities voted as they resonated with this

Fight the threat of communism
- Big business owners turned towards Hitler as he seemed the only one capable to fight communism

57
Q

How did Joseph Goebbels exploit the 1929 Great Depression?

A

Propaganda
- Blame Weimar Politicians for ToV resulting in economic problems
- Blame Weimar Politicians for being too selfish and divided
- Promised strong and decisive actions
- 25 Points
- Jews were the culprits to blame

58
Q

How did the SA and SS play a role in Hitler becoming Chancellor?

A
  • SA and SS looked more ruly and disciplined than communist forces
  • Local police supported SA in disrupting opposition group rallies and beating up opponents
59
Q

Why did Hindernburg want to run for President against Hitler?

A
  • Nazis massive increase in support at 1932
  • Disliked Hitler as he believed Hitler could make Germany unstable
60
Q

Did Hindernburg prevent Hitler from becoming Chancellor?

A

No.

61
Q

Who did Hindernburg appoint as Chancellor at 1932 after the Nazis had a huge rise in popularity? Why?

A

Von Papen, wealthy aristocrat
- Hoping he could gain enough support
- Nazis did very well
- Hindernburg called another election, Nazis vote share dropped but still majority

62
Q

Who did Hindenburg appoint as Chancellor after von Papen? How successful was he?

A

Kurt von Schleicher
- Not very successful
- Failed to persuade Nazis
- Had to resign

63
Q

Which year did Hindenburg appoint Hitler as chancellor?

A

1933

64
Q

Challenges that Hitler faced when he first became Chancellor

A
  • Von Schleicher, Army and Germans loyal to Hindernburg rather than Hitler
  • Powerful elites support Von Papen’s efforts to control and use the Nazi Party and even replace Hitler
  • SPD and KPD oppose Hitler strongly
  • No majority in Reichstag to carry out his plans
65
Q

How did Hitler try to exploit the circumstances to work his way up from Chancellor to Fuehrer?

A
  • Control radio stations, newspapers, police, massive rallies
  • Police, SS, SA raid opposition groups offices
  • Lone communist found in Reichstag Fire caused Hitler to persuade Hindenburg to pass the Decree for protection of people and state, arresting the communists so that they couldn’t vote against him in Reichstag, and to prevent them from campaigning
  • 52 delegates from German National Peoples Party cooperated with him
  • Passed the Enabling Act after intimidating, imprisoning, hurting, raiding opponents and spreading propaganda
66
Q

What is the Reichstag Fire? Which year did it happen?

A

Fire happened at 1933
- Lone and mentally unstable communist Marinus van der Lubbe supposedly burnt down the Reichstag building

67
Q

How did Hitler exploit the Reichstag fire?

A
  • Scare the people by saying it was the beginning of a communist uprising
  • Persuaded Hindernburg to pass the Decree for the Protection of People and State, giving Hitler sweeping emergency powers.
  • SS, SA, police arrested 4000 communists in 1 night, ban opposition party media
68
Q

What is the enabling act? How did Hitler end up passing it?

A

what was enabling act?
- A law that would allow him to make and pass laws for the next 4 years without consulting Reichstag

how was it passed?
he got 2/3 of the Reichstag to vote for him because:
- communists were imprisoned
- most of the Reichstag were intimidated/hurt by SS, SA
- catholic centre party decided to cooperate with Nazis
- only SPD voted against him

69
Q

After Hitler rose to power, having passed the E_ A_, why did he do Gleichschaltung? (Co-Ordination)

A

Gleichschaltung (Co-Ordination)
- Bringing all aspects of the state under Nazi control
- Make sure that judicary, army and other important groups would not undermine him like what happened to Weimar

70
Q

When was Enabling Act passed?

A

24 March 1933

71
Q

What did Hitler do in April 1933, after he passed the Enabling Act?

A
  • Ban Jews from civil service
  • Make it almost impossible to be promoted in civil service if one didnt belong to Nazi Party
72
Q

What did Hitler do in May-July 1933 after he passed the Enabling Act?

A
  • trade unions banned
  • All local councils must have Nazi majority
  • 400 locally elected council members, 70 elected mayors forced out of position
  • Banned all other parties in July
73
Q

What triggered the Night of the Long Knives?

A

Hitler seeing Ernst Rohm as a threat
- Rohm was gay, against Hitler’s ideologies
- SA was fiercely loyal to Rohm instead of Hitler, approx 3 million soldiers
- Rohm called for taxing of elite groups but Hitler had been put to power by these groups
- Rohm talked about making a second German army

74
Q

Night of the long knives year and month

A

1934 June

75
Q

Night of the long knives what happened

A
  • SS men arrested Rohm and SA’s leading figures
  • Hitler accused Rohm of plotting to overthrow and murder him
  • Rohm and 400 others executed
  • Hitler placed von Papen under house arrest and von Papen resigned as vice chancellor
76
Q

What did von Papen become after he resigned as vice chancellor

A

Ambassador of Austria

77
Q

What happened just before the Oath of Alligence was sworn?

A

Hindernburg died

78
Q

Which year was the Oath of Alligence sworn in?

A

1934

79
Q

Hitler’s rule officially began in?

A

April 1933

80
Q

What happened after Hindernburg died?

A
  • Oath of Alligence sworn
  • Hitler took over as Fuehrer, Supreme leader of Germany, combining powers of Chancellor and Prime Minister
81
Q

What happened during the Oath of Alligence

A
  • Entire army swore to stay out of politics, serve Hitler
  • Hitler spent huge amounts on rearmament
  • Hitler brought back conscription
  • Plans were made to make Germany great again
82
Q

When did Hitler take over as Fuehrer

A

1934 August

83
Q

What was the situation of unemployed in 1933?

A
  • 5mil unemployed
84
Q

What did Hitler do to reduce employment + recover Germans economy (2 main big pts)

A
  1. Germany’s finances organised fund huge programme job creation
    - Railways extended, built from scratch
    - Major house, public building programmes
  2. Deficit financing
    - borrow money, public loan bonds, promise, pay them back, future
85
Q

When did Hitler reintroduce conscription

A

1935

86
Q

What is autarky?

A

Germany being as Self-sufficient as possible in food and industrial production

87
Q

What did Hitler introduce to get German economy ready for war?

A
  1. Four Year Plan that includes autarky, prioritise rearmament, controlling aspects of labour prices and raw materials, setting targets for private industries
88
Q

How did conscription in Germany reduce unemployment?

A
  • create jobs in coal mines, steel mills, textile mills
  • give engineers and designers new opportunities as the Luftwaffe, world class air force was announced to be in the making
89
Q

What did conscription, Reich Labour service, Four Year Plan and autarky result in?

A
  • economic recovery
  • boosted sense of national pride
  • feeling of being “set free” from humiliation of WW1 and ToV, can finally stand with other world powers
90
Q

Which companies benefitted most from Nazi economic policies? Why?

A
  • Big companies (Volkswagen e.g.)
  • they don’t have to worry about trade unions
  • they had massive profits from govt. Contracts
  • incomes of managers rose
91
Q

How did nazi economic policies affect the farmers?

A
  • Reich Entailed Farm Law allowed farmers in debt to keep their farms
  • However since farms belong to state, they remained poor
92
Q

How did Nazi economic policies affect middle classes?

A
  • Benefitted at crushing of communism
  • Owners of businesses connected to rearmament benefitted from govt. contracts
  • Small businesses found it difficult to do well
93
Q

Was life in Nazi Germany exactly like propaganda potrayed it to be?

A

NO!
Potrayed it to be prosperous and comfortable, but not true for…
- Middle classes
- Farmers
- Persecuted minorities
- Jews
- Those who got randomly arrested
- Trade Unions

94
Q

How did propaganda in Nazi Germany potray workers?

A
  • associated them with Hitler (who had the title “First Worker”)
95
Q

After the Nazi Regime took over, how did Hitler try to win the workers’ support?

A

LINK
- Lowered unemployment thru rearmament, Reich Labour Service (build highways, conservation projects), deficit financing

  • Cheap cinema tickets, trips, sports events from KdF (Strength Through Joy), which 50 million Germans went for
  • Beauty of Labour Movement
96
Q

What did the Beauty of Labour movement do?

A
  • State scheme to help workers buy Volkswagen Beetle (“People’s Car”)
  • Introduced washing facilities, low-cost canteens
97
Q

Did any worker recieve the People’s Car? Why?

A

No
- Productions halted by war

98
Q

What was the cost that the workers had to pay for the Nazis’ help with unemployment and their schemes (such as B___ O___ L____ and S___ T___ J___)

A
  • Workers lost their main political party (SDP)
  • Lost their trade unions
  • Workers had to join DAF which kept strict control of them, prevented from moving to better-paid jobs at times
  • Workers cannot strike for better pay and conditions
  • Wages remained comparatively low
99
Q

What is the created National Community for?

A
  • To create a body of Aryan Germans loyal to the Fuehrer and state
100
Q

Role of Women in Nazi Germany?

A
  • German women to be good mothers, spouses, and care-givers
  • Not allowed to vote in elections and discouraged from pursuing university studies
  • Employment opportunities for women limited and discrimination against female applicants encouraged
101
Q

Where did many young German girls go to for training after Nazi rule took over?

A
  • Legaue of German Girls, train to do domestic tasks
102
Q

How did the Nazis take control of the school system to inject their ideologies into it?

A
  • All teachers have to join National Socalist Teacher’s League and train to stress Nazi ideology and physical education to children
  • Nazi ideas infused in biology and history textbooks
  • Nazi-approved textbooks produced
103
Q

How did the Nazis use the Hitler Youth to indoctrinate Nazi ideology into youths?

A

indoctrination
- Organised a variety of activities such as camps and physical trainings
- Backed up by indoctrination in anti-Semitism and Nazi ideology

membership
- All other youth groups forced to merge with Hitler youth
- Membership compulsory for Aryan German Youths (1936)

104
Q

What was the Hitler Youth?

A

A youth group with 2.3mil membership in 1933 aiming to groom German youths to be the future leaders of Nazi Party

105
Q

Groups that were persecuted in Nazi germany

A
  • non-Aryans
  • Jews
  • Gypsies
  • Homosexuals
  • Mentally ill, disabled
  • Asocials (habitual criminals, beggars)
  • Church
  • Anyone who speaks out
106
Q

What was the Nazis’ ideals in “improving” the Aryan race?

A
  • A twisted eugenics programme that used killing those who are deemed inferior
  • Killing people to “end their suffering”
  • Death and concentration camps
107
Q

How many babies and patients were killed by 1945?

A
  • 500 disabled babies and children
  • 72000 mentally ill patients
  • 300,000 men forcefully killed

Public outcry ended this

108
Q

Why did Hitler hate the Jews?

A
  • loathed them for having successful businesses when he was poor
  • thought that Jewish businessmen forced Germany’s surrender in WW1
109
Q

How were Jews’ rights stripped from them in the Nazi regime?

A
  • Banned from civil service and variety of public services
  • SA, SS organised boycotts of Jewish shops, businesses, marked with Star of David
  • Nuremberg Laws
  • Sending them to concentration, death camps
  • Kristallnacht
  • Final Solution
110
Q

What are the Nuremberg Law’s effects on Germans?

A
  • took German citizenship from Jews
  • Deprived them of all civil and political rights
  • forbidden to marry pure-blooded Germans
  • Jewish children humiltated and segregated
  • “Jews not welcome” sign hung in shop windows
  • Many Jews forced to lose their jobs
  • Jewish businesses forced to close down due to intimidation
  • German children and families bombarded with Anti-Semitism propaganda
111
Q

What triggered Kristallnacht?

A
  • young Jew killed a German diplomat in Paris
  • Nazis used this as an excuse to launch a violent attack on Jews
112
Q

What happened during Kristallnacht? When was it?

A

1938
- SS troopers ran riot, smashing up Jewish shops and workplaces with pickaxes and hammers
- Synagogues burned
- Many Germans were alarmed and shocked
- Nazi-controlled press potrayed it as “Germans’ normal reactions towards Jews” many did not believe this
- 20k+ Jews sent to concentration camps, hundreds of Jews killed, many more fled the country

113
Q

Aftermath of Kristallnacht

A
  • Hardly anyone protested, few that did were brutally murdered
114
Q

What is the Final Solution? When was it implemented?

A
  • Jews forced to live in ghettos (cramped areas), systematically killed in death camps
  • 1941
115
Q

How did Hitler try to maintain control and fear over the population?

A
  • SA, SS
  • Hitler Youth marches everywhere
  • Concentration camps set up for threats/minorities persecuted
  • One-sided Nazi-approved Legal System
  • Propaganda, Censorship
116
Q

How did Hitler try to force through his ideologies into the people’s heads?

A
  • Art, books, writings produced have to be Nazi-approved
  • Teachers have to be trained to indoctrinate the children with Nazi ideology and physical training to be emphasized
  • Nazi ideologies injected into biology and history textbooks
117
Q

How did the SS maintain terror and control amongst the people?

A
  • helped carry racist policies of Hitler
  • monitor political opponents
  • stop spies
  • Gestapo could arrest citizens, send them to concentration camps w/o trial or explanation (160k sent)
118
Q

How does concentration camps maintain fear and terror amongst the people?

A
  • Prisoners forced to do hard labour, given limited food
  • beatings
  • random executions
  • Jews, gypsies, communists, socialists, anyone brave enough to speak out/oppose the regime were put in here
  • 1.3mil Germans, half a million gypsies, countless political prisoners, Jehovah’s Witnesses, homosexuals, PoWs spent time in concentration camps
119
Q

How did the legal system maintain fear, terror and control amongst the people?

A
  • Judges must be Nazi-approved to practice (National Socalist League)
  • Judges knew what they had to do and did it
  • Hitler abolished trial by jury
  • Nazi regimes’ enemies and opponents rarely got a fair trial
120
Q

Who controlled the Nazi police force during the Nazi regime, at what period of time?

A

Goering -> 1933-1934
Himmler -> 1936 on

121
Q

What did Goebbels use propaganda in the Nazi regime for?

A
  • encourage German nationalism
  • stir up anti-communist, anti-seminist feelings amongst other Nazi ideologies
  • potray Hitler in a friendly image, impress Germans and win them over
122
Q

How did Nazis try to impress the Germans with regards to their military might?

A
  • Held spectacular rallies, marches, meetings
  • Invested heavily in film industry
  • Olympics held in Berlin, Goebbels used it as showcase for Nazi rule
123
Q

What happened to those who produce or consume Nazi banned work in the regime?

A

Gestapo monitor them, arrest them and send them to concentration camps

124
Q

Political Opposition towards the Nazi regime? What was the consequences of this political oppostion?

A

socialists and communists
- encourage workers to strike and sabotage equipment
- opposition meetings held
- broken up by Gestapo

125
Q

Military resistance towards the Nazi regime? What did the Nazi regime do to the resistance?

A

aristocratic officers and conservatives
- involved in assasination attempts
- Failed July 1944 Bomb Plot

126
Q

Which groups refused to conform to Nazi rule?

A
  • anti-Nazi youth groups
  • church
  • those in disagreement with Nazis (complaining in bars)
127
Q

Why did the Nazis dislike the church? What did they do to them?

A
  • church criticisized the Nazi regime
  • Nazi regime could not shut them down
  • clergy block of concentration camps housed 400 Catholic priests, and some Protestant ministers
128
Q

Anti-Nazi youth groups

A
  • White Rose
  • Edelwiess Pirates
129
Q

Why did the Nazis dislike the White Rose? What did the Nazis do to them?

A
  • opposed Hitler Youth
  • secreted distributed leaflets on topics revealing atrocities of Nazi regime
  • encourage people to resist
  • White Rose group arrested in 1943
  • Hans, Sophie Scroll executed
130
Q

Why did Nazis dislike Edelwiess Pirates? What did the Nazis do to them?

A
  • Mocked Nazis
  • got into fights with Hitler Youth
  • actively opposed Nazi regime
  • Executed 13 Edelwiess Pirates leaders in 1944

History (7 decks)

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